A'cosmic highway' may explain the journeys of some space silicates. Breakthroughs, discoveries, and DIY tips sent six days a week. Some of the solar system's most distant comets can be very confusing. Many contain crystalline silicates that only form after exposure to high heat, which doesn't make a lot of sense to astronomers. These comets spend most of their time inside the extremely cold Oort cloud and Kuiper Belt, at temperatures averaging -450 degrees Fahrenheit.

Breakthroughs, discoveries, and DIY tips sent every weekday. For being the world's oldest known synthetic pigment, the original recipes for Egyptian blue remain a mystery. The approximately 5,000-year-old dye wasn't a single color, but instead encompassed a range of hues, from deep blues to duller grays and greens. Artisans first crafted Egyptian blue during the Fourth Dynasty (roughly 2613 to 2494 BCE) from recipes reliant on calcium-copper silicate. These techniques were later adopted by Romans in lieu of more expensive materials like lapis lazuli and turquoise.

Glasses form the basis of many modern applications and also hold great potential for future medical and environmental applications. However, their structural complexity and large composition space make design and optimization challenging for certain applications. Of particular importance for glass processing is an estimate of a given composition's glass-forming ability (GFA). However, there remain many open questions regarding the physical mechanisms of glass formation, especially in oxide glasses. It is apparent that a proxy for GFA would be highly useful in glass processing and design, but identifying such a surrogate property has proven itself to be difficult. Here, we explore the application of an open-source pre-trained NN model, GlassNet, that can predict the characteristic temperatures necessary to compute glass stability (GS) and assess the feasibility of using these physics-informed ML (PIML)-predicted GS parameters to estimate GFA. In doing so, we track the uncertainties at each step of the computation - from the original ML prediction errors, to the compounding of errors during GS estimation, and finally to the final estimation of GFA. While GlassNet exhibits reasonable accuracy on all individual properties, we observe a large compounding of error in the combination of these individual predictions for the prediction of GS, finding that random forest models offer similar accuracy to GlassNet. We also breakdown the ML performance on different glass families and find that the error in GS prediction is correlated with the error in crystallization peak temperature prediction. Lastly, we utilize this finding to assess the relationship between top-performing GS parameters and GFA for two ternary glass systems: sodium borosilicate and sodium iron phosphate glasses. We conclude that to obtain true ML predictive capability of GFA, significantly more data needs to be collected.

They are the bricks that could build mankind's first home on another planet. European Space Agency officials have revealed the latest'moon bricks' that could soon be used to construct a lunar habitat. They say the bricks are the starting point to building up a permanent lunar outpost and breaking explorers' reliance on Earth supplies. This 1.5 tonne building block was produced as a demonstration of 3D printing techniques using lunar soil. The surface of the Moon is covered in grey, fine, rough dust.