peephole
PR2: Peephole Raw Pointer Rewriting with LLMs for Translating C to Safer Rust
Gao, Yifei, Wang, Chengpeng, Huang, Pengxiang, Liu, Xuwei, Zheng, Mingwei, Zhang, Xiangyu
There has been a growing interest in translating C code to Rust due to Rust's robust memory and thread safety guarantees. Tools such as C2RUST enable syntax-guided transpilation from C to semantically equivalent Rust code. However, the resulting Rust programs often rely heavily on unsafe constructs--particularly raw pointers--which undermines Rust's safety guarantees. This paper aims to improve the memory safety of Rust programs generated by C2RUST by eliminating raw pointers. Specifically, we propose a peephole raw pointer rewriting technique that lifts raw pointers in individual functions to appropriate Rust data structures. Technically, PR2 employs decision-tree-based prompting to guide the pointer lifting process. Additionally, it leverages code change analysis to guide the repair of errors introduced during rewriting, effectively addressing errors encountered during compilation and test case execution. We implement PR2 as a prototype and evaluate it using gpt-4o-mini on 28 real-world C projects. The results show that PR2 successfully eliminates 13.22% of local raw pointers across these projects, significantly enhancing the safety of the translated Rust code. On average, PR2 completes the transformation of a project in 5.44 hours, at an average cost of $1.46.
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Forget chunky video doorbells, EZVIZ has sleek innovative solutions for almost every home
Smart video doorbells are an easy and effective way to improve your home security and ensure you never miss a package again. However, chunky outdated designs, short battery life and expensive subscriptions can often sour the deal. Thankfully, there are plenty of other ways to inject some intelligence into your front door, no matter whether you live in an apartment, house or villa. EZVIZ has a range of innovative and versatile solutions to suit almost any home. In this article, we'll detail three of our favourite EZVIZ smart entry products, all with their own unique benefits, allowing for convenient and secure entry to a variety of living spaces.
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VEXIR2Vec: An Architecture-Neutral Embedding Framework for Binary Similarity
VenkataKeerthy, S., Andaluri, Yashas, Dey, Sayan, Banerjee, Soumya, Upadrasta, Ramakrishna
We propose VEXIR2Vec, a code embedding framework for finding similar functions in binaries. Our representations rely on VEX IR, the intermediate representation used by binary analysis tools like Valgrind and angr. Our proposed embeddings encode both syntactic and semantic information to represent a function, and is both application and architecture independent. We also propose POV, a custom Peephole Optimization engine that normalizes the VEX IR for effective similarity analysis. We design several optimizations like copy/constant propagation, constant folding, common subexpression elimination and load-store elimination in POV. We evaluate our framework on two experiments -- diffing and searching -- involving binaries targeting different architectures, compiled using different compilers and versions, optimization sequences, and obfuscations. We show results on several standard projects and on real-world vulnerabilities. Our results show that VEXIR2Vec achieves superior precision and recall values compared to the state-of-the-art works. Our framework is highly scalable and is built as a multi-threaded, parallel library by only using open-source tools. VEXIR2Vec achieves about $3.2 \times$ speedup on the closest competitor, and orders-of-magnitude speedup on other tools.
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Get the Ring Door View Cam for half-price in Amazon Prime Day sale 2020
There are some fantastic discounts to be found on the latest tech gadgets this Amazon Prime Day 2020. If you've been toying with investing in some smart home security but are not sure where to start, then why not invest in the top-rated wireless doorbell camera from Ring? The Ring Door View Cam is now an impressive 50 per cent off on Amazon - reduced to a very enticing £59. With over 1,200 reviews and an average rating of 4.4 out of 5, it comes highly recommended from shoppers and is an affordable way to jump into the smart home security scene. A video doorbell is the latest way to protect your home, allowing you to screen you visitors and see who's knocking even when you're not in.
Ring's newest doorbell sits over your door's peephole
Ring, a name now synonymous with video doorbells, is making a product to help folks who already have peepholes in their doors. The Ring Door View Cam is a smaller piece of kit that can sit over your door's existing viewer / spy hole. Sandwiched between the button and the camera lens is a piece of glass that'll let you peer through the hole at your visitors, old-school style. Door View Cam comes with all of the usual features you'd expect from a Ring product, including HD video, privacy zones and smart alerts. In addition, however, it packs an impact sensor to alert you when a moron knocks on your door instead of, you know, pushing the clearly obvious bell.
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Stanford engineers reveal 4D camera for self driving cars
Stanford engineers have revealed the first-ever single-lens light field camera with a wide field of view. They say the technology has the ability to give devices like drones and self driving cars information-rich'supervision' that will make it much easier for them to navigate the world. The 4D camera has an extra-wide field of view and can capture nearly 140 degrees of information - essentially, the difference between looking through the new design and a typical camera is the equivalent of looking through a window versus a peephole, according to the scientists. The new Stanford camera is the first-ever single-lens light field camera with a wide field of view. It can capture nearly 140 degrees of information, meaning a camera-dependent robot like a car could take one photo instead of several to understand its environment.
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