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Can Uniform Meaning Representation Help GPT-4 Translate from Indigenous Languages?

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

While ChatGPT and GPT-based models are able to effectively perform many tasks without additional fine-tuning, they struggle with related to extremely low-resource languages and indigenous languages. Uniform Meaning Representation (UMR), a semantic representation designed to capture the meaning of texts in many languages, is well-poised to be leveraged in the development of low-resource language technologies. In this work, we explore the downstream technical utility of UMR for low-resource languages by incorporating it into GPT-4 prompts. Specifically, we examine the ability of GPT-4 to perform translation from three indigenous languages (Navajo, Ar\'apaho, and Kukama), with and without demonstrations, as well as with and without UMR annotations. Ultimately we find that in the majority of our test cases, integrating UMR into the prompt results in a statistically significant increase in performance, which is a promising indication of future applications of the UMR formalism.


Is It Navajo? Accurate Language Detection in Endangered Athabaskan Languages

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Endangered languages, such as Navajo - the most widely spoken Native American language - are significantly underrepresented in contemporary language technologies, exacerbating the challenges of their preservation and revitalization. This study evaluates Google's Language Identification (LangID) tool, which does not currently support any Native American languages. To address this, we introduce a random forest classifier trained on Navajo and twenty erroneously suggested languages by LangID. Despite its simplicity, the classifier achieves near-perfect accuracy (97-100%). Additionally, the model demonstrates robustness across other Athabaskan languages - a family of Native American languages spoken primarily in Alaska, the Pacific Northwest, and parts of the Southwestern United States - suggesting its potential for broader application. Our findings underscore the pressing need for NLP systems that prioritize linguistic diversity and adaptability over centralized, one-size-fits-all solutions, especially in supporting underrepresented languages in a multicultural world. This work directly contributes to ongoing efforts to address cultural biases in language models and advocates for the development of culturally localized NLP tools that serve diverse linguistic communities.