One of the most striking aspects of early visual processing in the retina is the immediate parcellation of visual information into multiple parallel pathways, formed by different retinal ganglion cell types each tiling the entire visual field. Existing theories of efficient coding have been unable to account for the functional advantages of such cell-type diversity in encoding natural scenes. Here we go beyond previous theories to analyze how a simple linear retinal encoding model with different convolutional cell types efficiently encodes naturalistic spatiotemporal movies given a fixed firing rate budget. We find that optimizing the receptive fields and cell densities of two cell types makes them match the properties of the two main cell types in the primate retina, midget and parasol cells, in terms of spatial and temporal sensitivity, cell spacing, and their relative ratio. Moreover, our theory gives a precise account of how the ratio of midget to parasol cells decreases with retinal eccentricity. Also, we train a nonlinear encoding model with a rectifying nonlinearity to efficiently encode naturalistic movies, and again find emergent receptive fields resembling those of midget and parasol cells that are now further subdivided into ON and OFF types. Thus our work provides a theoretical justification, based on the efficient coding of natural movies, for the existence of the four most dominant cell types in the primate retina that together comprise 70% of all ganglion cells.

Oscars 2026: Here are all the moments you didn't see on TV The 98th Academy Awards featured emotional speeches, comical relief and a bevy of backstage fun. While movie magic plays a role in the show itself (the ceremony, after all, is actually hosted at the Dolby Theatre in a shopping centre), there is a lot you don't see on TV. Frankenstein production designer addressed the media with his Oscar statuette in one hand and what appeared to be a beer in the other and Mr Nobody Against Putin filmmaker Pasha Talankin re-lived his Oscars win by re-reading the envelope that announced that his movie won the award for documentary feature film. We saw some of the tightest security in recent years and witnessed the frenzied panic after one Oscar award became two when those vying for best short action film was announced as a historic tie. Here's what it's like on the scene during Hollywood's biggest night and everything you did not see on TV.

This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. Quotes displayed in real-time or delayed by at least 15 minutes. Market data provided by Factset . Powered and implemented by FactSet Digital Solutions . Mutual Fund and ETF data provided by LSEG . Sharon Osbourne tells Hollywood elites to save politics'for your platform' when accepting awards Zach Braff shuts down rumors he has an AI chatbot girlfriend: 'Please update all gossip sites' 'Yellowstone' star Luke Grimes targeted by Montana locals as move from LA sparks small-town fury Kurt Russell reveals why he was'glad' when son Wyatt turned to acting after hockey career Morrissey cancels concert after festival noise leaves him in'catatonic state' from sleep deprivation Gina Gershon reveals'creepy' encounter with man who later murdered Playboy Playmate Dorothy Stratten Walker Hayes says kids had'front-row seat' to struggles, including'alcoholic dad' Last person to see JFK Jr. alive reveals chilling premonition about his fatal flight that night'Mormon Wives' star weighs just 99 pounds at 5' 10, admits GLP-1 addiction'The Madison' cast praises Michelle Pfeiffer, Kurt Russell, says co-stars are'best of the best' Michelle Pfeiffer calls Kurt Russell team-up long overdue in'The Madison' Korie Robertson says Willie's clean-shaven 20s were his'rebellious' phase Willie Robertson says he'never would have dreamed' of joining family business in his 20s Aviation expert explains JFK Jr.'s final flight risks'The Madison' star Beau Garrett admits nerves before working with Michelle Pfeiffer Donny Osmond says singing with AI-generated 14-year-old self'never gets old' Inside the party that changed Prince William, Kate Middleton's future Jack Wagner says he would'totally' compete on'The Masked Singer' again Rihanna's Beverly Hills home targeted by gunfire; woman arrested as dispatch audio reveals chilling details Oscars Amanda Seyfried questions Oscars' importance as expert likens awards show to'the tire industry' Oscars'aren't what they used to be' because they're out of touch with audiences: expert Fox News contributor Raymond Arroyo explains why the Oscars are growing disconnected from audiences when they ignore popular films.

The filmmaker behind "One Battle After Another" specializes in stories about people who are cut off, adrift, desperately seeking connection. His films are studies of American loneliness. The director plunges us into the physical realization of experience with a thoroughness that can be unsettling. What is the sound of a needle entering fabric? Something more significant, it seems, than the sound of one hand clapping. You hear a tiny pop followed by the rustle of violated muslin--a shudder in the silence of the universe. Scrupulous directors make sure that the sound of their movies is grossly efficient, so that the dramatic meaning of a scene is apparent even in the worst theatre or home system in the country. They also layer in, for those who care about such things, a secondary level of sound--think of the swishing skirts in Martin Scorsese's adaptation of Edith Wharton's "The Age of Innocence." In " Phantom Thread " (2017)--the needle-and-fabric movie--the director, Paul Thomas Anderson, uses such details to build an exquisitely perceptible epic of minute events.

No matter how well your favorite streaming service's algorithm knows you, come February, sometimes even the smartest technology can be swayed by the power of Valentine's Day. But love--romantic or otherwise--can be found in the oddest of places, including the radioactive wasteland of postapocalyptic Los Angeles, Westeros in the rare midst of relative peace, or behind the scenes of the latest MCU blockbuster. Whether you're in the mood for a reliable sci-fi gem or an enlightening new docuseries courtesy of director Josh Safdie, February's streaming lineup offers plenty of options to swoon over. Here are the 10 shows we're falling for right now. Picking up from roughly where Bryan Fuller and Alex Kurtzman's left off when it ended in 2024, might be best described as for the TikTok age or simply the franchise's horniest iteration.

Does "Wuthering Heights" Herald the Revival of the Film Romance? Emerald Fennell's new movie may be mediocre, but its popularity demonstrates the strength of a genre that Hollywood has all but abandoned. The important thing about adaptations isn't what's taken out but what's put in. Emerald Fennell's "Wuthering Heights"--or, as she'd have it, " 'Wuthering Heights,' " complete with scare quotes--is the season's second Frankenstein movie, because Fennell takes bits and pieces from Emily Brontë's novel and, adding much of her own imagining, reassembles them into a misbegotten thing that wants only to be loved. And paying audiences seem to love it, even if many critics don't.

Subjects watched on average 2.6 Hollywood movies, for