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Knowledgeable Language Models as Black-Box Optimizers for Personalized Medicine

Yao, Michael S., Bastani, Osbert, Andersson, Alma, Biancalani, Tommaso, Bentaieb, Aïcha, Iriondo, Claudia

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

The goal of personalized medicine is to discover a treatment regimen that optimizes a patient's clinical outcome based on their personal genetic and environmental factors. However, candidate treatments cannot be arbitrarily administered to the patient to assess their efficacy; we often instead have access to an in silico surrogate model that approximates the true fitness of a proposed treatment. Unfortunately, such surrogate models have been shown to fail to generalize to previously unseen patient-treatment combinations. We hypothesize that domain-specific prior knowledge - such as medical textbooks and biomedical knowledge graphs - can provide a meaningful alternative signal of the fitness of proposed treatments. To this end, we introduce LLM-based Entropy-guided Optimization with kNowledgeable priors (LEON), a mathematically principled approach to leverage large language models (LLMs) as black-box optimizers without any task-specific fine-tuning, taking advantage of their ability to contextualize unstructured domain knowledge to propose personalized treatment plans in natural language. In practice, we implement LEON via 'optimization by prompting,' which uses LLMs as stochastic engines for proposing treatment designs. Experiments on real-world optimization tasks show LEON outperforms both traditional and LLM-based methods in proposing individualized treatments for patients.


She Wrote a Sci-Fi Classic That Seemed to Predict the Pandemic. Now She Sees What She Got Wrong.

Slate

A whole lot has happened since Emily St. John Mandel published her literary science-fiction novel Station Eleven ten years ago this week--including certain global disruptions that made the book appear startlingly prescient. Station Eleven traces the aftermath of a swine-flu pandemic that kills most of the human population, following a group of traveling players who tour the Great Lakes region performing Shakespeare. Station Eleven sold over a million copies, was shortlisted for the National Book Award and the PEN/Faulkner Award, and recently secured a top spot on the New York Times readers' list of the best books of the century. The 2021 miniseries, creatively adapted for HBO by Patrick Somerville, scored several Emmy nominations and the deep, abiding love of television critics. This list of accolades still fails to represent how many readers connected to this particular story of postapocalyptic society, going so far as to get "Survival Is Not Enough" tattoos--a reference to a motto the Traveling Symphony favors in the book.


GitHub - leon-ai/leon: 🧠 Leon is your open-source personal assistant.

#artificialintelligence

Many exciting things are coming up, hence no new documentation and test are going to be written until the official release of Leon. Feel free to join us on Discord to know more and to read the "A Much Better NLP and Future" blog post. Leon is an open-source personal assistant who can live on your server. He does stuff when you ask him to. You can talk to him and he can talk to you.


Building better batteries, faster

#artificialintelligence

To help combat climate change, many car manufacturers are racing to add more electric vehicles in their lineups. But to convince prospective buyers, manufacturers need to improve how far these cars can go on a single charge. Figuring out how to make extremely powerful but lightweight batteries. Typically, however, it takes decades for scientists to thoroughly test new battery materials, says Pablo Leon, an MIT graduate student in materials science. To accelerate this process, Leon is developing a machine-learning tool for scientists to automate one of the most time-consuming, yet key, steps in evaluating battery materials.


Leon Stafford joins Digital Workforce as a Sales Director to the UK & Ireland

#artificialintelligence

News: Digital Workforce welcomes Leon Stafford as a new key member of its global team and a Sales Director to the UK & Ireland. Digital Workforce recently welcomed Leon Stafford as a new key member of its global team and a Sales Director to the UK & Ireland. Having worked in the industry for many years, he will further strengthen our team's expertise in connected platforms, scale-up strategy, and conceptualizing impactful solutions that seamlessly align with our client's business objectives. On top of this, Leon brings with him industry-specific knowledge, particularly from the Public Sector, Financial Services, Contact Centers, Utilities, Retail, and Healthcare. "I'm hoping that one of the first things we'll do with Digital Workforce in the UK is helping out in the health service . If you take away some of the strain from people working in our healthcare with automation, they can thrive and do their best in what they're supposed to do," Leon describes.


Robot tax coming?

FOX News

Security guard Eric Leon watches the Knightscope K5 security robot as it glides through the mall, charming shoppers with its blinking blue and white lights. The brawny automaton records video and sounds alerts. According to its maker, it deters mischief just by making the rounds. Leon, the all-too-human guard, feels pretty sure that the robot will someday take his job. "He doesn't complain," Leon says. But the K5 is only one of a growing menagerie of automated novelties in a region where you can eat a delivered pizza made via automation and drink beers at a bar served by an airborne robot.


NMSU College of Engineering associate dean, graduate students use supercomputer

#artificialintelligence

Phillip De Leon has been named associate dean of research and doctoral studies for the New Mexico State University College of Engineering. LAS CRUCES -- Through the use of New Mexico State University's High Performance Computing system, a supercomputer known as Joker, Phillip De Leon, associate dean for research in the College of Engineering, not only conducted research but students in his graduate electrical engineering course also used the system. In the Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning course, which is a data science class De Leon taught in the fall, graduate students used Joker on projects that included developing machine learning codes and evaluating the models with standard datasets. "These projects including identifying a song much like the Shazam app, recognizing handwritten digits like ZIP codes, classifying email as ham or spam, analyzing Twitter feeds, etc.," De Leon said. "Being able to use this system allowed the students to experiment and tune their codes much faster since everything ran much faster. It also allowed for big datasets to be used in training and evaluation."


'Mr. Robot' Season 3 Spoilers: Series Creator Teases Fans Should Expect 'Disintegration'

International Business Times

Robot" Season 3 will not come out until next year, but a few details about the next installment have already been teased by series creator Sam Esmail. During a panel attended by Screen Actors Guild (SAG) voters, Esmail said the theme for the upcoming installment of the critically acclaimed USA Network series is "disintegration," according to Deadline. Esmail added that the show features different stages of Elliot's (Rami Malek) battle with a mental disorder. "The Mr. Robot (Christian Slater) character has to reflect what stage Elliot is in, and how to handle that disorder," Esmail said. "The second season was about the battle." He explained that since Elliot didn't want to have Mr. Robot in his life anymore, this made Mr. Robot extremely agitated. Aside from the next stage in Elliot's battle, fans will also learn what Angela's (Portia Doubleday) real intentions are. In an interview with Entertainment Weekly, Esmail teased: "Has she really been flipped?


'Mr. Robot' Season 3 Spoilers: Sam Esmail Says Joey Bada 's Leon Is One 'To Look Out For'

International Business Times

Robot" creator Sam Esmail has teased what fans could expect of Joey Bada's character Leon in Season 3 after they were left surprised by the post-credits scene in the Season 2 finale of the critically-acclaimed USA Network TV series. "Leon is definitely a character to look out for in in season_3.0," Bada, who, in addition to being an actor, is also a successful rapper and founder of hip-hop collective Pro Era, talked about what his character will be up to, but he was careful not to go into detail. "We'll just have to wait and find out. It's looking good for Leon, though; really looking good for him," the rapper told MTV when asked if the post-credits scene in the Season 2 finale means he will be getting a "killer" plotline in "Mr.


'Mr. Robot' Season 3 Spoilers: Leon Not Part Of Dark Army; Joanna Wellick And Whiterose To Work Together?

International Business Times

Robot" Season 2 has already concluded, but there are a lot of questions about the installment that fans are still asking. After the end credits of the season's final episode rolled, it was revealed that Trenton (Sunita Mani) and Mobley (Azhar Khan) were still alive. The scene also featured Leon (Joey Bada) asking the two for the time, prompting viewers to assume that he was sent by Whiterose (BD Wong) to catch the two members of fsociety. Bada appears to be hinting that the meeting was not planned at all and that he might not exactly be working for the Dark Army. In an interview with MTV, the rapper-actor said that while he has not been keeping up with the theories about the show, he knows that "a lot of people do think that he's Dark Army." Even though Bada did not answer directly, he did tease that Season 3 will be good for his character. He also confirmed that Leon is a real person, contrary to some theories saying he might just be a figment of Elliot's (Rami Malek) imagination. The rapper is not the only cast member looking forward to the upcoming season, though. Stephanie Corneliussen, who plays Joanna Wellick, has also shared her hopes for her character in the next installment. Speaking to Ars Technica, the actress said she is still looking forward to a reunion between Joanna and her husband Tyrell (Martin Wallstrom). Corneliussen also said that if she can have it her way, she would like for her character to cross paths and work with Angela (Portia Doubleday), who appeared to have started working with the Dark Army before the season ended, and Whiterose. Meanwhile, series creator Sam Esmail has already teased what fans can expect in the upcoming installment. In an interview with Entertainment Weekly, Esmail said the third season will uncover where Angela's true loyalty lies. It will also show how Dom (Grace Gummer) and Darlene's (Carly Chaikin) relationship will transform after it was revealed that the FBI knows all about fsociety's workings. Here's what Joey Bada and Stephanie Corneliussen have to say about "Mr.