In her 2018 book "Double Negative: The Black Image and Popular Culture," Racquel Gates explores the disruptive potential of stereotypical or so-called negative images of Black people onscreen: Flavor Flav on VH1's "Flavor of Love," for example, and the stars of "ratchet" reality shows such as "Basketball Wives." These images, Gates argues, intervene against narratives of racial uplift that are overly tethered to white and middle-class definitions of respectability. In her acknowledgments section, Gates, a professor of film and media studies at Columbia, invokes a scene from "Love & Hip Hop," in which an aspiring singer tells an entertainment manager, "I want to be on your roster." Gates writes, "While I was tempted to quote this bit of dialogue to my editor, Ken Wissoker, during our first meeting, I erred on the side of caution." Wissoker, who has been an editor at Duke University Press since 1991, has a formidable roster, and one could easily imagine a reality show about junior scholars fighting for a chance to work with him.

We demonstrate that it is possible to leverage big data in the form of tweets and linked webpages to find expressions of sentiment that signal "bad behavior" such as cyber attacks. We hypothesize that expressions of "outrage" (high intensity, negative affect sentiment) against an organization in public data may be predictive of cyber attacks for two reasons: 1) threat actors may be motivated to launch an attack based on anger/discontent, and 2) outrage associated with an organization or industry may increase the likelihood of that organization or industry being victimized by threat actors (i.e., as a form of "vigilante justice"). We measure sentiment in online content and determine trends in public emotion and their correlation to trends in cyber attacks, as reported in Hackmageddon. We demonstrate that dimensions of sentiment, as afforded by our use of the Circumplex model of emotion, do yield correlations to reported cyber attacks, but differ dependent upon the domain of the data. Thus the use of this technique requires careful analysis for optimal application.