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Steering Prepositional Phrases in Language Models: A Case of with-headed Adjectival and Adverbial Complements in Gemma-2

Arnold, Stefan, Gröbner, René

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Language Models, when generating prepositional phrases, must often decide for whether their complements functions as an instrumental adjunct (describing the verb adverbially) or an attributive modifier (enriching the noun adjectivally), yet the internal mechanisms that resolve this split decision remain poorly understood. In this study, we conduct a targeted investigation into Gemma-2 to uncover and control the generation of prepositional complements. We assemble a prompt suite containing with-headed prepositional phrases whose contexts equally accommodate either an instrumental or attributive continuation, revealing a strong preference for an instrumental reading at a ratio of 3:4. To pinpoint individual attention heads that favor instrumental over attributive complements, we project activations into the vocabulary space. By scaling the value vector of a single attention head, we can shift the distribution of functional roles of complements, attenuating instruments to 33% while elevating attributes to 36%.


PlantPal: Leveraging Precision Agriculture Robots to Facilitate Remote Engagement in Urban Gardening

Zeqiri, Albin, Britten, Julian, Schramm, Clara, Jansen, Pascal, Rietzler, Michael, Rukzio, Enrico

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Urban gardening is widely recognized for its numerous health and environmental benefits. However, the lack of suitable garden spaces, demanding daily schedules and limited gardening expertise present major roadblocks for citizens looking to engage in urban gardening. While prior research has explored smart home solutions to support urban gardeners, these approaches currently do not fully address these practical barriers. In this paper, we present PlantPal, a system that enables the cultivation of garden spaces irrespective of one's location, expertise level, or time constraints. PlantPal enables the shared operation of a precision agriculture robot (PAR) that is equipped with garden tools and a multi-camera system. Insights from a 3-week deployment (N=18) indicate that PlantPal facilitated the integration of gardening tasks into daily routines, fostered a sense of connection with one's field, and provided an engaging experience despite the remote setting. We contribute design considerations for future robot-assisted urban gardening concepts.


AI helps plants tell you when they are thirsty

Popular Science

Have you ever joyously stepped out to your backyard garden, freshly brewed coffee in hand, only to find your meticulously cared-for plants and herbs wilted and dying? Was the soil too dry? Did pests find their way in? During times like these, some frustrated gardeners may wish their fickle ficus would just tell them what it needs. A new Microsoft-partnered project in the UK is trying to see if that concept can be demonstrated in the real-word.


Gardens could soon 'speak' to humans using AI to ask for water and say how they are feeling

Daily Mail - Science & tech

They say talking to plants helps them grow - with King Charles a keen believer in the theory. And soon plants will'talk' back thanks to AI that will allow gardeners to converse with their plot. Budding horticulturalists will be able to ask what their gardens need - and even how they are feeling. The development is to be showcased at next year's Chelsea Flower Show, which will include a garden that can talk back. The Avanade garden designed by Tom Massey and Je Ahn will be able to tell gardeners whether it is sensible to water - as it is going to rain later in the day - or that the water is moist enough already.


Pikmin 4 review – a gardener's fever dream

The Guardian

As I survey the garden from my miniature spaceship – watching a team of minions breaking down a brick wall over there, another transporting treasure (a discarded rubber duck) back to base, and a third lot building a clay bridge – I feel a sense of peace and mastery, but also nagging annoyance. In real life I am the sort of person who forgets meetings and appointments even when they happen at the same time every week, can't multitask, and I am continually, unpleasantly surprised by how few hours I have at my disposal and how much there always is to cram into them. Why can't I manage myself half as well as I manage this virtual garden? Perhaps what I need is an army of tiny plant people as personal assistants. Pikmin are cheerful, obedient creatures, colourful sprouts with eyes, some with noses and little boulder bodies.


Robochop makes garden trimming a snip

Robohub

A sustainable and scalable gas fermentation technology transforms CO2 from industrial emissions into a single cell protein for animal nutrition. Gardening is proven to be healthful and joyful, but as more of us discover the joys of working in the garden for the first time, some basic knowledge about plants, landscaping and soil is required to get started. What, where and when should you plant, for instance? These were some of the core questions co-founder of the start-up Draw Me A Garden (DMAG), Florent De Salaberry, realised were standing in the way of more people digging in to the subject. Many people want to garden, but lots of us just don't have the expertise or confidence to begin,' said the French tech entrepreneur.


Is it time for cutting-edge tech to make your mower greener?

The Guardian

Gardeners want to make their grass even greener. As petrol prices rocket and people become ever more conscious of their environmental impact, many are turning to the latest generation of lawnmowers to keep their gardens looking good. While the fronts of our houses are gradually seeing the replacement of petrol cars with electric vehicles, advances in lithium-ion batteries have meant that the trusted back garden mower has also been given a modern overhaul – but at a price. So is it time to replace your current mower with a battery-powered or "robot" version, stick with petrol despite the spiralling costs, or stay plugged in? The length and breadth of your garden will heavily influence what type of machine you need.


7 incredible ways AI and chatbots are changing recruitment

#artificialintelligence

Let us paint you a picture. Eric owns a house with a garden he doesn't know the first thing about keeping. What he does know a lot about, though, is how he wants everything to look; the right length of grass on the lawn, the color composition in the flower bed. He just doesn't know how to get there. For the past five years, Bob has been working as Eric's gardener. He understands exactly what Eric needs and wants, he's never late, he comes with thoughtful suggestions, and Eric gets along with him well.


Intelligence in a Post-A.I. World

#artificialintelligence

In part 1, we considered the Multiple Intelligences that Artificial Intelligence already exhibit today. In part two, we consider the three intelligences for which A.I. does not exist. Existential Intelligence is one of the intelligences in Howard Gardener's taxonomy of multiple intelligences. It is the intelligence ascribed to those who think philosophically and involves an individual's ability to contemplate values and intuition to understand themselves and the world around them. People who possess this intelligence are able to see the big picture and ask the big questions. Existential intelligence was not included in the original seven intelligences that Gardner listed in his original list of Multiple Intelligences.


Best Business Books 2019: Tech & innovation

#artificialintelligence

Kartik Hosanagar A Human's Guide to Machine Intelligence: How Algorithms Are Shaping Our Lives and How We Can Stay in Control (Viking, 2019) This is an odd moment in the history of technology and innovation. Technology companies have never been more powerful or influential. The five most valuable corporations in the world are all American tech giants, and the products they make and the services they provide continue to colonize an ever-larger chunk of our daily lives. Yet that very power has occasioned a serious anti-tech backlash, driven in part by a sense that these companies have too often exercised their might in a cavalier and careless fashion, and in part by anxieties about how their dominance may be hindering innovation. So it's only fitting that this year's best business books on technology and innovation and grapple with the fundamental challenges facing the tech world today -- how to continue to drive radical innovation, how to manage the rise of ubiquitous machine intelligence, and how to make software that's socially useful and beneficial as well as lucrative.