Angel Cortez was ready for a change. Cortez, 43, is a Mexican immigrant who has worked in agriculture, landscaping and restaurants since he arrived in California more than 25 years ago. But he said a workplace injury nearly a decade ago has made physical labor -- jobs requiring him to stand or walk for long periods -- exceedingly painful. He has been looking to transition into jobs he could do primarily while seated. But his options felt limited: He has a high school education from Mexico, but doesn't speak English fluently and wasn't comfortable using a computer.

In this paper, we present our approach and empirical observations for Cause-Effect Signal Span Detection -- Subtask 2 of Shared task 3~\cite{tan-etal-2022-event} at CASE 2022. The shared task aims to extract the cause, effect, and signal spans from a given causal sentence. We model the task as a reading comprehension (RC) problem and apply a token-level RC-based span prediction paradigm to the task as the baseline. We explore different training objectives to fine-tune the model, as well as data augmentation (DA) tricks based on the language model (LM) for performance improvement. Additionally, we propose an efficient beam-search post-processing strategy to due with the drawbacks of span detection to obtain a further performance gain. Our approach achieves an average $F_1$ score of 54.15 and ranks \textbf{$1^{st}$} in the CASE competition. Our code is available at \url{https://github.com/Gzhang-umich/1CademyTeamOfCASE}.

SPOKANE, WASHINGTON – Harvesting Washington state's vast orchards each year requires thousands of farmworkers, many of whom work illegally in the United States. That could change dramatically; at least two companies are rushing to get robotic fruit-picking machines to market. The robotic pickers don't get tired and can work 24 hours a day. "Human pickers are getting scarce," said Gad Kober, a co-founder of Israel-based FFRobotics. "Young people do not want to work in farms, and elderly pickers are slowly retiring."

Harvesting Washington state's vast fruit orchards each year requires thousands of farmworkers, and many of them work illegally in the United States. That system eventually could change dramatically as at least two companies are rushing to get robotic fruit-picking machines to market. The robotic pickers don't get tired and can work 24 hours a day. "Human pickers are getting scarce," said Gad Kober, a co-founder of Israel-based FFRobotics. "Young people do not want to work in farms, and elderly pickers are slowly retiring."