Future robots will need mechanisms to determine whenand how it is best to reject directives that it receives fromhuman interlocutors. In this paper, we briefly presentinitial work that has been done in the DIARC/ADE cognitive robotic architecture to enable a directive rejectionand explanation mechanism, showing its operation in asimple HRI scenario.

One of the hallmarks of humans as social agents is the ability to adjust their language to the norms of the particular situational context. When necessary, they can be terse, direct, and task-oriented, and in other situations they can be more indirect and polite. For future robots to truly earn the label "social," it is necessary to develop mechanisms to enable robots with NL capabilities to adjust their language in similar ways. In this paper, we highlight the various dimensions involved in this challenge, and discuss how socially-sensitive natural-language generation can be implemented in a cognitive, robotic architecture.

At work, AI tells sales reps which accounts they should be pursuing and helps lawyers instantly analyze piles of contracts. Is it any wonder that we're starting to think it might be OK if the machines take over? A recent global survey found that 64 percent of more than 8,000 respondents said they didn't just embrace AI -- they would actually trust it more than their manager. Tony Deigh, chief technology officer at the Cambridge machine-learning-based employment platform Jobcase, understands this impulse. As AI gets better at recognizing complicated patterns from huge troves of data, it could conceivably be applied to many roles, like being a boss. "Would I take career advice from a machine?

As Manchester City's players returned to the home dressing room after January's exhilarating, exhausting 2-1 win over Liverpool, music shuddered from speakers. A house remix of Gregory Porter's Liquid Spirit mixed with gleeful shouts as the celebrations began. But in one corner, three men huddled quietly together. Ederson and John Stones stared at a big screen as Harry Dunn, a member of manager Pep Guardiola's backroom staff, zipped through a timeline of the match action to show a replay of Stones clearing the ball off his own goalline, with just 11mm to spare. By the time they were showered, changed and back in the tinted privacy of their cars, Ederson, Stones or any of their team-mates could open the Hudl app on their phone and watch that moment, along with every other involvement they had in the game.

As Manchester City's players returned to the home dressing room after January's exhilarating, exhausting 2-1 win over Liverpool, music shuddered from speakers. A house remix of Gregory Porter's Liquid Spirit mixed with gleeful shouts as the celebrations began. But in one corner, three men huddled quietly together. Ederson and John Stones stared at a big screen as Harry Dunn, a member of manager Pep Guardiola's backroom staff, zipped through a timeline of the match action to show a replay of Stones clearing the ball off his own goalline, with just 11mm to spare. By the time they were showered, changed and back in the tinted privacy of their cars, Ederson, Stones or any of their team-mates could open the Hudl app on their phone and watch that moment, along with every other involvement they had in the game.

Technology is infiltrating dispute resolution at multiple points in the litigation process, from claims portals to online dispute resolution (ODR) platforms to court modernisation. Attendees at this Gazette roundtable discuss the IT and cultural challenges of bringing civil justice online. Tony Guise, director of eARB and eCOURT platforms refers to chapter 43 of Lord Justice Jackson's Review of Civil Litigation Costs: Final Report, which defines effective information technology (IT) as'a central place to which and from which one can find all of the documents relating to a piece of civil litigation'. But in recent years litigation technology has broadened significantly from the document management and case management capability outlined by Lord Justice Jackson, into a confusing collection of online systems and applications that deal with various aspects of dispute resolution. Masood Ahmed, associate professor at the University of Leicester, defines litigation technology as the online processes for dispute resolution.

Nearly two decades ago, when Amazon began offering predictive book recommendations based off previous orders, no one batted an eye when new types of automated convenience emerged. However, when that same type of convenience enters the workplace, an inherent uneasiness arises. Automation is the next frontier for the enterprise, and artificial intelligence (AI) is more mainstream than ever. As algorithms' ability to learn expands, so does viable applications in the enterprise. By 2021, AI is forecast to recover about 6.2 billion hours of productivity and add $2.9 trillion in business value.

Rick Briggs, author of "Knowledge Representation and Inference in Sanskrit: A Review of the First National Conference," is a senior engineer at Delfin Systems, 1349 Moffett Park Drive, Sunnyvale, California 94089. Briggs is currently working on natural language processing, numeric and symbolic coupling, and expert system development in the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at Delfin Systems. Lindley Darden, who wrote "Viewing the History of Science as Compiled Hindsight,lI is an associate professor in the departments of philosophy and history and a member of the graduate faculty in the Committee on the History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Maryland, College Park. She is currently serving in the second year of a halftime research appointment at the University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies. Her mailing address is Department of Philosophy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742.

When ferrets get a rabies shot in a neurobiology lab, they don't get infected with the virus--or even inoculated against it. They get a brain hack that might just explain how your brain handles vision, and maybe even your other senses, too. In a lab at Dartmouth, scientists are experimenting with targeted injections of a modified rabies virus into the brains of ferrets--essentially allowing them to control how the animal responds to simple visual patterns. The goal is to understand the brain's enormously complex visual processing system. Are these guys just screwing around?

From drone warfare to self-checkout lines at the grocery store, the change is clear. Sales of automated industrial "robots" rose 15% year-over-year in 2015, to reach an annual record of 253,748 units, according to the International Federation of Robotics. Those units were valued at $11 billion, 9% more than the year before. That lifted the total installed base, worldwide, to 1.6 million industrial bots, a number that the IFR projects will reach 2.6 million in 2019. For investors, it smells like opportunity.