Archaeologists also located English Civil War cannonballs and a Tudor-era shoe near a Newcastle river. Breakthroughs, discoveries, and DIY tips sent every weekday. At the height of its power, the Roman Empire extended as far away as Britain . Based on a new trove of archaeological artifacts discovered in northeast England, Britain hosted critical sites that supplied the empire's vast military complex. Over six months in 2025, researchers from the United Kingdom's Durham University excavated the new evidence on the banks of the River Wear not far from Newcastle, England.

Science Archaeology Ancient Rome's fanciest glasses are full of cryptic symbols They were the ancient equivalent of a brand.' Breakthroughs, discoveries, and DIY tips sent every weekday. Tiny symbols engraved into ancient Roman drinkware may be more than merely decorative accents. After two years of research, an art historian believes that the designs on glass Roman cage cups are testaments to the skill and collaborative efforts required to craft some of the empire's most renowned pieces of glasswork. The talent of ancient Rome's artisans is displayed across the empire's vast archaeological remains, such as its architecture, mosaics, and sculptures .

Gabii was a once powerful city, but was largely abandoned by 50 CE. Breakthroughs, discoveries, and DIY tips sent every weekday. The city of Rome has been inhabited continuously for 14,000 years --long before it became known by its current name. While this makes the Italian capital city a world capital in terms of archaeology and ancient history, the centuries and centuries of construction make it difficult to study the city's ancient beginnings . Enter Gabii, an ancient Roman city 11 miles east of Rome you've probably never heard of unless you're an expert in the field.

It's not the first time AI has been used to join up the missing dots in Roman history. Dr Sommerschield developed Aeneas along with her co-research leader Dr Yannis Assael, an AI specialist at Google DeepMind. It automates the process of contextualising based on parallels, in the blink of an eye. Aeneas draws on a vast database of of 176,000 Roman inscriptions including images and uses a carefully designed AI system to pull up a range of relevant historical parallels, to support the work of historians, according to Dr Assael. "What the historian can't do is assess these parallels in a matter of seconds across tens of thousands of inscriptions, and that is where AI can come in as an assistant."

In English place name analysis, meanings are often derived from the resemblance of roots in place names to topographical features, proper names and/or habitation terms in one of the languages that have had an influence on English place names. The problem here is that it is sometimes difficult to determine the base language to use to interpret the roots. The purpose of this paper is to stochastically determine the resemblance between 18799 English place names and 84687 place names from Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, France, Germany, the Netherlands and Ancient Rome. Each English place name is ranked according to the extent to which it resembles place names from the other countries, and this provides a basis for determining the likely language to use to interpret the place name. A number of observations can be made using the ranking provided. In particular, it is found that `Harlington' is the most archetypically English place name in the English sample, and `Anna' is the least. Furthermore, it is found that the place names in the non-English datasets are most similar to Norwegian place names and least similar to Welsh place names.