Deformable models are an attractive approach to recognizing nonrigid objects which have considerable within class variability. However, there are severe search problems associated with fitting the to data. We show that by using neural networks to providemodels better starting points, the search time can be significantly reduced. The method is demonstrated on a character recognition task.

A fundamental feature of cortical architecture is its columnar organization, manifested in the tendency of neurons with similar properties to be organized in columns that run perpendicular to the cortical surface. This organization of the cortex was initially discovered by physiological experiments (Mouncastle, 1957; Hubel and Wiesel, 1962), and subsequently confirmed with the demonstration of histologically defined that axonal projections throughout thecolumns. Tracing experiments have shown tend to be organized in vertically aligned clusters or patches.

A Lexical Semantic and Statistical Approach to Lexical Collocation Extraction for Natural Language Generation

The first 50 years of AI are reviewed, and current controversies outlined. Scientific disputes include disagreements over the best research methodology, including classical AI, connectionism, hybrid systems, and situated and evolutionary robotics. Philosophical disputes concern (for instance) whether computation is necessary and sufficient for mentality, whether representations are essential for intelligence, whether consciousness can be explained objectively, and whether the Cartesian presuppositions of (most) AI should be replaced by a neo-Heideggerian approach. With respect to final verdicts, both juries (scientific and philosophical) are still out.

A common difficulty in diagnosing failures within Pratt & Whitney's F100-PW-100/200 gas turbine engine occurs when a fault in one part of a system -- comprising an engine, an airframe, a test cell, and automated ground engine test set (AGETS) equipment -- is manifested as an out-of-bound parameter elsewhere in the system. However, because the self-diagnostics only test the specified local parameter, it will pass, leaving only the operators' experience and traditional fault-isolation manuals to locate the source of the problem in another part of the system. This article describes a diagnostic tool (that is, AGETS MBR), designed to overcome this problem by isolating failures using an overall system troubleshooting approach. AGETS MBR was developed jointly by personnel at Pratt & Whitney and United Technologies Research Center using an AI tool called the qualitative reasoning system (QRS).

The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FIN-CEN) AI system (FAIS) links and evaluates reports of large cash transactions to identify potential money laundering. The objective of FAIS is to discover previously unknown, potentially high-value leads for possible investigation. FAIS consists of an underlying database (that functions as a black-board), a graphic user interface, and several preprocessing and analysis modules. FAIS has been in operation at FINCEN since March 1993; a dedicated group of analysts process approximately 200,000 transactions a week, during which time over 400 investigative support reports corresponding to over $1 billion in potential laundered funds were developed.

Daewoo Shipbuilding Company, one of the largest shipbuilders in the world, has experienced great deal of trouble with the planning and scheduling of its production process. To solve the problems, from 1991 to 1993, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) and Daewoo jointly conducted the Daewoo Shipbuilding Scheduling (das) Project. To integrate the scheduling expert systems for shipbuilding, we used a hierarchical scheduling architecture. To automate the dynamic spatial layout of objects in various areas of the shipyard, we developed spatial scheduling expert systems.

The traditional reliability design methods are imperfect because the designed systems aim at fewer faults, but once a fault happens, the systems might hard fail. Regarding the repair-executing capability, control-type repair strategy was followed. However, the prototype revealed the following problems when its reasoning system was used with a commercial product as embedded software: (1) poor performance of the reasoning system, (2) system size that was too large, (3) low adaptability to environmental changes, and (4) roughness of qualitative repair operations. To solve these problems, we proposed new reasoning method based on virtual cases and fuzzy qualitative values.

"How We Know Universals: The Perception Their first paper made many intellectual waves--which are still spreading, 50 years later. They had claimed that the truth or falsity of any (computable) proposition could, in with AI, for it's difficult to say just principle, be computed by a simple type of The future of psychology, they good a date as any, however, is 1943--almost said, consisted of the design of various sorts exactly half a century ago. This In that year, Warren McCulloch (a psychiatrist, novel methodology, and the nascent technology cybernetician, philosopher, and poet) associated with it, promised to show just and Walter Pitts (a research student in mathematics) how mind is grounded in mechanism. Much of this was "logical" in nature result was a heady brew, which explicitly and developed into what's known as classical, promised to revolutionize psychology and or symbolic, AI. But some was what is nowadays philosophy--and which, in the event, revolutionized called connectionist, studying networks technology too. In the late 1980s, however, it McCulloch and Pitts' paper ("A Logical Calculus blossomed--hitting the newsstands with of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous rash promises of "brainlike" computers just Activity") concentrated on how propositions around the corner. But both these forms of AI expressible in logic could be computed by share the same historical roots. Those nets consisted of So much for pedigree. But does a mere halfcentury cells passing inhibitory and excitatory messages of work count as a pedigree? Might it between them and acting as what computer rather be a mere blip, an unfortunate academic scientists (soon afterwards) called "and-mutation with no real intellectual fitness?