Machine Translation
When does label smoothing help?
Rafael Mรผller, Simon Kornblith, Geoffrey E. Hinton
To explain these observations, we visualize how label smoothing changes therepresentations learned bythepenultimate layerofthenetwork. We show that label smoothing encourages the representations of training examples from thesame class togroup intight clusters. This results inloss ofinformation inthe logits about resemblances between instances ofdifferent classes, which isnecessary for distillation, but does not hurt generalization or calibration of the model'spredictions.
Language Model Tokenizers Introduce Unfairness Between Languages
Recent language models have shown impressive multilingual performance, even when not explicitly trained for it. Despite this, there are concerns about the quality of their outputs across different languages. In this paper, we show how disparity in the treatment of different languages arises at the tokenization stage, well before a model is even invoked. The same text translated into different languages can have drastically different tok-enization lengths, with differences up to 15 times in some cases. These disparities persist even for tokenizers that are intentionally trained for multilingual support.