What is artificial intelligence and how does it work?

Artificial intelligence is the ability of machines to carry out intelligent tasks typically performed by humans. It involves the use of computers to reproduce or undertake such actions, often at a higher speed and accuracy than previously achieved. AI typically combines computer science with data to solve problems or make predictions. Its processes involve algorithms, which are a series of rules written into computer code. Historically, AI has been used to carry out complex mathematical tasks, or to play strategy games such as chess, often beating human competitors.