What are Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning?

Deep Learning is a subfield of machine learning: a new take on learning representations from data that puts emphasis on learning successive layers of increasingly meaningful representations. How many layers contribute to a model of the data is called the depth of the model. The specification of what a layer does to its input data is stored in the layer's weights, which in essence are a bunch of numbers. In technical terms, we'd say that the transformation implemented by a layer is parameterized by its weights. Wights are also called the parameters of a layer.