Prior Knowledge in AI -- Is it Really "Cheating"?

Why were our brains so quick to perceive the two hues as different, while removing the shadow revealed that the hue intensity values are actually the same? It comes down to understanding how our brains reached the primary conclusion -- the way our brains inferred its conclusion. The hope for AGI -- artificial general intelligence -- at least its hope in the 60s and 70s, and perhaps now too -- is to try and emulate human intelligence, and the powerful extrapolation and generalization and inference capabilities our brain has, and combine that with the extraordinary computational powers of computers. So we should try to understand first how our brains might have reached its primary inference. Now, let's think about the variable D, as data -- in this case, the "data" here is the pixel color-intensity values of both center squares arriving to our eyes and registered there.