How to Build a Complete Classification Model in R and caret

R is a programming language used mainly in statistics, but it also provides valid libraries for Machine Learning. In this tutorial, I describe how to implement a classification task using the caret package provided by R. The objective of this example is to predict heart attacks through a K-Neighbors Classifier. The example uses the hearts dataset, available on Kaggle under the CC0 Public Domain license. In my previous articles, I have already analyzed this dataset in Python both using scikit-learn and pycaret. In this article, I try to solve the same problem in R. As input features, I consider all the columns but the last one is named output, which I consider as target class.