Brain-computer-interface training helps tetraplegics win avatar race

Noninvasive brain–computer interface (BCI) systems can restore functions lost to disability -- allowing for spontaneous, direct brain control of external devices without the risks associated with surgical implantation of neural interfaces. But as machine-learning algorithms have become faster and more powerful, researchers have mostly focused on increasing performance by optimizing pattern-recognition algorithms. But what about letting patients actively participate with AI in improving performance? To test that idea, researchers at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), based in Geneva, Switzerland, conducted research using "mutual learning" between computer and humans -- two severely impaired (tetraplegic) participants with chronic spinal cord injury. The goal: win a live virtual racing game at an international event.