Building Machine Learning Models via Comparisons

Nowadays most machine learning (ML) models predict labels from features. In classification tasks, an ML model predicts a categorical value and in regression tasks, an ML model predicts a real value. These ML models thus require a large amount of feature-label pairs. While in practice it is not hard to obtain features, it is often costly to obtain labels because this requires human labor. Can we learn a model without too many feature-label pairs?