The Meaning of Causality

We use the word causality as a means of understanding cognition but we don't really understand its distinctions. Let's look at what C.S.Peirce had to say about causality. What @yudapearl says is that to understand a system one needs to hypothesize a model of the system and then see how this model is in agreement. Statistics is just one of the methods of testing. But it's not how one formulates the original model.