How to learn machine learning from scratch?

Traditional programs take data as input and produces data as output. However, a machine learning algorithm takes data as input but produces a program as an output. This machine generated program can now take new data, process it and produce output data. In simple words, it gives computers the capability to extract knowledge from data and store it for future judgment. Machine learning is the subfield of computer science that, according to Arthur Samuel, gives "computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed".