Machine Learning Basics with Naive Bayes

After researching and looking into the different algorithms associated with Machine Learning, I've found that there is an abundance of great material showing you how to use certain algorithms in a specific language. However what's usually missing is the simple mathematical explaination of how the algorithm works. In all cases this may not be possible without a strong mathematical background, but for some I know I would definitely find it useful. This post requires just basic mathematics knowledge and an interst in data science and machine learning. I will be talking about Naive Bayes as a classifier and explaining in simple terms how it works and when you might use it.