Which paintings were the most creative of their time? An algorithm may hold the answers

From Picasso's The Young Ladies of Avignon to Munch's The Scream, what was it about these paintings that arrested people's attention upon viewing them, that cemented them in the canon of art history as iconic works? In many cases, it's because the artist incorporated a technique, form or style that had never been used before. They exhibited a creative and innovative flair that would go on to be mimicked by artists for years to come. Throughout human history, experts have often highlighted these artistic innovations, using them to judge a painting's relative worth. But can a painting's level of creativity be quantified by Artificial Intelligence (AI)? At Rutgers' Art and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, my colleagues and I proposed a novel algorithm that assessed the creativity of any given painting, while taking into account the painting's context within the scope of art history.