Explaining Logistic Regression as Generalized Linear Model (in use as a classifier)

The explanation of Logistic Regression as a Generalized Linear Model and use as a classifier is often confusing. In this article, I try to explain this idea from first principles. This blog is part of my forthcoming book on the Mathematical foundations of Data Science. Machine learning involves creating a model of a process. To create a model of a process, we need to identify patterns in data.