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Machine learning (the subfield of computer science that, according to Arthur Samuel, "gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed") is one of the most innovative and interesting fields of modern science around today. The Bayes' theorem, which describes the probability of an event, based on prior knowledge of conditions that might be related to the event, was pretty much left alone until the 1950's when famed scientist Alan Turing managed to create and develop his imaginatively named'Alan Turing's Learning Machine'. This was a huge breakthrough for the field and along with the acceleration of computer development, the next few decades saw a gigantic rise in development of machine learning techniques such as artificial neural networks, and explanation based learning. Yes, the explanation based learning algorithm was fairly standard in that it created new business rules based on what had happened before.