Top 10 Machine Learning Algorithms

This was the subject of a question asked on Quora: What are the top 10 data mining or machine learning algorithms? Algorithms from graph theory (to find the shortest path in a graph, or to detect connected components), from operations research (the simplex, to optimize the supply chain), or from time series, are not listed either. My point of view is of course biased, but I would like to also add some algorithms developed or re-developed at the Data Science Central's research lab: These algorithms are described in the article What you wont learn in statistics classes. It is a fundamental algorithm: the core algorithm used to build taxonomies, catalogs (see this article about Amazon), search engines, and enterprise search solutions.