How can we ensure individuals aren't left behind by the rise of AI?

Towards the end of the 18th century, mechanisation through water and steam power kickstarted the first industrial revolution, changing how goods were manufactured. Following this, electricity and assembly lines allowed mass production to become possible, while, in the 1970s, the adoption of computers and automation facilitated the programming of machines and networks and precipitated the third industrial revolution. We now stand at the brink of the fourth industrial revolution, in which physical and digital technologies are combining through analytics, artificial intelligence, cognitive technologies, and the Internet of Things (IoT) to form intelligent networks along the entire value chain that can control each other autonomously and carry out more informed decision-making than ever before. Digital enterprises can communicate, analyse, and use data to drive intelligent action in the physical world. The sea change is already beginning, with artificial intelligence all around us, from self-driving cars and drones to'smart' chatbots being utilised in customer service systems.