Obituaries

Dr. Hodes was at the forefront of computer-related research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the National Institutes of Health. While working toward his doctorate in mathematic logic at MIT from 1957 to 1962, he studied under two founders of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence, Marvin Minsky and John McCarthy. Dr. Hodes was a member of the artificial intelligence group of the MIT Research Laboratory of Electronics and did pioneering work in the development of the computer programming language LISP, which was used in artificial intelligence research. He also is credited with being one of the first people to recognize that logic could be used as a programming language. In 1966, Dr. Hodes joined NIH and worked in the artificial intelligence laboratory before moving to the National Cancer Institute.