Remodelling a learning problem

What is another way to re-cast this? In the case of Image segmentation, we can think of it as an optimization problem. For any image, you can choose and iterate between a variety of segment configurations, and choose the one where the difference between pixel intensities is the highest. Learning problems are trained by minimizing the error between predictions and actual values across a large data set. In other words, they are trained by optimization methods that are stochastic. Learning and optimization problems have many things in common structurally.