Languages and Libraries for Machine Learning Udacity

R is a purpose-built language meant for statistical computing, and is a clear winner for large-scale data-mining, visualization and reporting. You have easy access to a huge collection of packages (through the CRAN repository) that enable you to apply almost all kinds of Machine Learning algorithms, statistical tests and analysis procedures. The language itself has an elegant--albeit esoteric--syntax for expressing relationships, transforming data and performing parallelized operations.