What is Artificial Intelligence?

The phrase Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly being used in engineering, as well as computing, defence and even farming. But what exactly is it? Artificial Intelligence can be defined as the simulation of intelligent, even human behaviour by a computer. The computer can be a stand-alone unit, or it can be connected to another device such as a robot or vehicle. Using AI in the military is a controversial area of technology, and has been been the subject of many sci-fi films and books over the years.