Appendix A Acknowledgement 17 B Different Chess Formats 17 B.1 Universal Chess Interface (UCI) 17 B.2 Standard Algebraic Notation (SAN) 17 B.3 Portable Game Notation (PGN)

We thank Jiacheng Liu for his work on collecting chess-related data and chess book list. B.1 Universal Chess Interface (UCI) The UCI format is widely used for communication between chess engines and user interfaces. It represents chess moves by combining the starting and ending squares of a piece, such as "e2e4" to indicate moving the pawn from e2 to e4. SAN (Standard Algebraic Notation) is a widely used notation system in the game of chess for recording and describing moves. It provides a standardized and concise representation of moves that is easily understood by chess players and enthusiasts. In SAN, each move is represented by two components: the piece abbreviation and the destination square. The piece abbreviation is a letter that represents the type of piece making the move, such as "K" for king, "Q" for queen, "R" for rook, "B" for bishop, "N" for knight, and no abbreviation for pawns. The destination square is denoted by a combination of a letter (a-h) representing the column and a number (1-8) representing the row on the chessboard. Additional symbols may be used to indicate specific move types. The symbol "+" is used to indicate a check, while "#" denotes a checkmate. Castling moves are represented by "O-O" for kingside castling and "O-O-O" for queenside castling. PGN is a widely adopted format for recording chess games. It includes not only the SAN moves but also additional information like player names, event details, and game results. PGN files are human-readable and can be easily shared and analyzed. FEN is a notation system used to describe the state of a chess game. It represents the positions of pieces on the chessboard, active color, castling rights, en passant targets, and the half-move and full-move counters. The active color is represented by "w" for white or "b" for black.