A Limitations and societal impact A.1 Limitations B

VLC is a benchmark for Bidirectional Vision-Language Compositionality evaluation. Each instance consists of two images and two captions. Using each of the images and captions as a base, a model is asked to select the pair that correctly represents the base versus the hard negative distractor with minor compositional changes. Thus, we can measure image-to-text and text-to-image retrieval with hard negative pairs. To obtain good results on the dataset, it is necessary that the model performs well in both directions for the same instance. Each instance of the dataset consists of six fields: image: COCO 2017 validation image.