144a3f71a03ab7c4f46f9656608efdb2-Paper.pdf

Understanding the underlying mechanisms is crucial for tasks such asexplaining aphenomenon, predicting, anddecision making. Pearl(2009) providedamachinery for automating the process of answering interventional and (retrospective) counterfactual queries even when only observed data is available, and determining if a query cannot be answered given the available data type (identifiability). This requires knowledge about the true underlying causal structure; however,inmanyreal-world situations, thisstructure isunknown.