Preface

AI has provided computational approaches to design processes and the representation of design knowledge. Design of materials, products, buildings and other artifacts have long been a focus of artificial intelligence research and application. Artificial intelligence representations and reasoning models have been influenced and inspired by design cognition resulting in AI methods as the basis for computer-aided design and decision support in many contexts. "Design for X" has become a way of changing design thinking so that downstream concerns are considered early in the design process. Imperatives for environmental and societal sustainability are challenging designers to think beyond Design for X and more broadly to consider factors that had been previously given little attention.