Dynamic QoS Prediction via a Non-Negative Tensor Snowflake Factorization

Dynamic quality of service (QoS) data exhibit rich temporal patterns in user - service interactions, which are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of user behavior and service conditions in Web service. As the number of users and services increases, there is a large amount of unobserved QoS data, which significantly affects users' choice of services. To predict unobserved QoS data, we propose a Non - negative Snowflake Factorization of tensors model. This method designs a snowflake core tensor to enhance the model's learning capability. Additionally, it employs a single latent factor - based, nonnegative multiplication update o n tensor (SLF - NMUT) for parameter learning . Empirical results demonstrate that the proposed model more accurately learns dynamic user - service interaction patterns, thereby yielding improved predictions for missing QoS data.