The Use of Unlabeled Data versus Labeled Data for Stopping Active Learning for Text Classification

Abstract-- Annotation of training data is the major bottleneck in the creation of text classification systems. Active learning is a commonly used technique to reduce the amount of training data one needs to label. A crucial aspect of active learning is determining when to stop labeling data. Three potential sources for informing when to stop active learning are an additional labeled set of data, an unlabeled set of data, and the training data that is labeled during the process of active learning. To date, no one has compared and contrasted the advantages and disadvantages of stopping methods based on these three information sources. We find that stopping methods that use unlabeled data are more effective than methods that use labeled data. I. INTRODUCTION The use of active learning to train machine learning models has been used as a way to reduce annotation costs for text and speech processing applications [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]. Active learning has been shown to have a particularly large potential for reducing annotation cost for text classification [6], [7]. Text classification is one of the most important fields in semantic computing and it has been used in many applications [8], [9], [10], [11], [12].