Finite-size scaling of hetero-associative retrieval in continuous-signal-driven Ising spin systems

Kosko's Bidirectional Associative Memory [17] first formalised this idea for two layers, showing that stable recallContent-addressable memory--the recovery of a complete stored record from a partial or degraded cue--is aarises from the same energy-descent principle as in Hopcornerstone of neural computation and a paradigmaticfield networks but across two distinct pattern spaces: a problem in the statistical mechanics of disordered sys-cue presented to one layer drives the other toward the tems. The Hopfield model [1] demonstrated that binarymatching stored pattern, enabling cross-modal compleNtion. Multi-species spin-glass analyses [18] subsequentlypatterns in { 1,+1} can be stored as fixed-point attractors of an energy landscape shaped by Hebbian couplings, provided a rigorous thermodynamic foundation for arwhile Little's earlier stochastic formulation [2] cast thechitectures with an arbitrary number of interacting popsame architecture in the language of equilibrium statisti-ulations, generalising the classical single-species phase cal mechanics through parallel probabilistic updates.