Driving styles have a great influence on vehicle fuel economy, active safety, and drivability. To recognize driving styles of path-tracking behaviors for different divers, a statistical pattern-recognition method is developed to deal with the uncertainty of driving styles or characteristics based on probability density estimation. First, to describe driver path-tracking styles, vehicle speed and throttle opening are selected as the discriminative parameters, and a conditional kernel density function of vehicle speed and throttle opening is built, respectively, to describe the uncertainty and probability of two representative driving styles, e.g., aggressive and normal. Meanwhile, a posterior probability of each element in feature vector is obtained using full Bayesian theory. Second, a Euclidean distance method is involved to decide to which class the driver should be subject instead of calculating the complex covariance between every two elements of feature vectors. By comparing the Euclidean distance between every elements in feature vector, driving styles are classified into seven levels ranging from low normal to high aggressive. Subsequently, to show benefits of the proposed pattern-recognition method, a cross-validated method is used, compared with a fuzzy logic-based pattern-recognition method. The experiment results show that the proposed statistical pattern-recognition method for driving styles based on kernel density estimation is more efficient and stable than the fuzzy logic-based method.

Important advances have been made in the fuzzy quantification field. Nevertheless, some problems remain when we face the decision of selecting the most convenient model for a specific application. In the literature, several desirable adequacy properties have been proposed, but theoretical limits impede quantification models from simultaneously fulfilling every adequacy property that has been defined. Besides, the complexity of model definitions and adequacy properties makes very difficult for real users to understand the particularities of the different models that have been presented. In this work we will present several criteria conceived to help in the process of selecting the most adequate Quantifier Fuzzification Mechanisms for specific practical applications. In addition, some of the best known well-behaved models will be compared against this list of criteria. Based on this analysis, some guidance to choose fuzzy quantification models for practical applications will be provided.

Analyzing huge amounts of spatial data plays an important role in many emerging analysis and decision-making domains such as healthcare, urban planning, agriculture and so on. For extracting meaningful knowledge from geographical data, the relationships between spatial data objects need to be analyzed. An important class of such relationships are topological relations like the connectedness or overlap between regions. While real-world geographical regions such as lakes or forests do not have exact boundaries and are fuzzy, most of the existing analysis methods neglect this inherent feature of topological relations. In this paper, we propose a method for handling the topological relations in spatial databases based on fuzzy region connection calculus (RCC). The proposed method is implemented in PostGIS spatial database and evaluated in analyzing the relationship of diseases as an important application domain. We also used our fuzzy RCC implementation for fuzzification of the skyline operator in spatial databases. The results of the evaluation show that our method provides a more realistic view of spatial relationships and gives more flexibility to the data analyst to extract meaningful and accurate results in comparison with the existing methods.

The subject finds extensive use in machine learning, real time systems, robotics and other AI related fields.

This study suggests a new prediction model for chaotic time series inspired by the brain emotional learning of mammals. We describe the structure and function of this model, which is referred to as BELPM (Brain Emotional Learning-Based Prediction Model). Structurally, the model mimics the connection between the regions of the limbic system, and functionally it uses weighted k nearest neighbors to imitate the roles of those regions. The learning algorithm of BELPM is defined using steepest descent (SD) and the least square estimator (LSE). Two benchmark chaotic time series, Lorenz and Henon, have been used to evaluate the performance of BELPM. The obtained results have been compared with those of other prediction methods. The results show that BELPM has the capability to achieve a reasonable accuracy for long-term prediction of chaotic time series, using a limited amount of training data and a reasonably low computational time.

In many technical fields, single-objective optimization procedures in continuous domains involve expensive numerical simulations. In this context, an improvement of the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm, called the Artificial super-Bee enhanced Colony (AsBeC), is presented. AsBeC is designed to provide fast convergence speed, high solution accuracy and robust performance over a wide range of problems. It implements enhancements of the ABC structure and hybridizations with interpolation strategies. The latter are inspired by the quadratic trust region approach for local investigation and by an efficient global optimizer for separable problems. Each modification and their combined effects are studied with appropriate metrics on a numerical benchmark, which is also used for comparing AsBeC with some effective ABC variants and other derivative-free algorithms. In addition, the presented algorithm is validated on two recent benchmarks adopted for competitions in international conferences. Results show remarkable competitiveness and robustness for AsBeC.

Classification schemes keep evolving & improving with recent publications. Those recent techniques involve multi-output classifications, ie, the response variable/s is 2 or more in comparison to standard classification of just a single variable say Y. The multi-class MIMO SVR (multi input multi output - support vector regression) is one of those new techniques, eg: the multi output could be 3 variables (as Gender, Age-bracket, Earning-bracket) & may be denoted as [G, A, E], where gender is 2 class (male, female), age-bracket is multiclass (student, young-adult, adult, retired) & age-bracket is also multiclass. MIMO SVR can predict the 3 output variables class labels at once. The other multiclass MIMO schemes includes CANFIS (Co-Active Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System) & its variants.

Scientific charts in the web, whether as images or embedded in digital documents, contain valuable information that is not fully available to information retrieval tools. The information used to describe these charts is typically extracted from the image metadata rather than the information the graphic was initially designed to express. The problem of understanding digital charts found in scholarly documents, and inferring useful textual information from their graphical components is the focus of this study. We present an approach to automatically read the chart data, specifically bar charts, and provide the user with a textual summary of the chart. The proposed method follows a knowledge discovery approach that relies on a versatile graph representation of the chart. This representation is derived from analyzing a chart's original data values, from which useful features are extracted. The data features are in turn used to construct a semantic-graph. To generate a summary, the semantic-graph of the chart is mapped to appropriately crafted protoforms, which are constructs based on fuzzy logic. We verify the effectiveness of our framework by conducting experiments on bar charts extracted from over 1,000 PDF documents. Our preliminary results show that, under certain assumptions, 83% of the produced summaries provide plausible descriptions of the bar charts.

While there may be millions of developers, there simply aren't enough data scientists to go around, and most of them are committed to working for large companies with big budgets and humongous data sets. Companies like Montreal-based Fuzzy.io are filling in the talent gap by offering an API to a set of artificial intelligence (AI) services that allows web and mobile developers to easily incorporate AI-based decision-making into their projects -- ranging from recommendations, to dynamic pricing decisions, and matching users in marketplaces. "Most of the existing ML development services are built to be used by data scientists or developers who have expertise in building AI/ML systems," said Fuzzy.io co-founder Matt Fogel. "Additionally, most of these tools require the developer to bring a great deal of data in order to train custom models. The company was founded by Fogel, who was the former produce vice president at Agendize, along with serial entrepreneur and developer Evan Prodromou. The company also recently added Kevin Fox, who, when he was at Google, helped create the user interfaces for Gmail and Google Calendar. These virtual intelligent machines use an adaptive rule base to translate pre-set, intuitive and vague "business rules" into a framework that can generate precise results. It could be as vague as "new", "old", "warm" and "good," as the company explains on its blog: "A fuzzy agent accepts some input variables and maps them onto fuzzy sets -- intuitive terms from the problem domain.

Studies on computational neuroscience through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and following biological inspired system stated that human action recognition in the brain of mammalian leads two distinct pathways in the model, which are specialized for analysis of motion (optic flow) and form information. Principally, we have defined a novel and robust form features applying active basis model as form extractor in form pathway in the biological inspired model. An unbalanced synergetic neural net-work classifies shapes and structures of human objects along with tuning its attention parameter by quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) via initiation of Centroidal Voronoi Tessellations. These tools utilized and justified as strong tools for following biological system model in form pathway. But the final decision has done by combination of ultimate outcomes of both pathways via fuzzy inference which increases novality of proposed model. Combination of these two brain pathways is done by considering each feature sets in Gaussian membership functions with fuzzy product inference method. Two configurations have been proposed for form pathway: applying multi-prototype human action templates using two time synergetic neural network for obtaining uniform template regarding each actions, and second scenario that it uses abstracting human action in four key-frames. Experimental results showed promising accuracy performance on different datasets (KTH and Weizmann).