In today's data-driven world, the ability to extract meaningful information from data is becoming essential for businesses, organizations and researchers alike. For that purpose, a wide range of tools and systems exist addressing data-related tasks, from data integration, preprocessing and modeling, to the interpretation and evaluation of the results. As data continues to grow in volume, variety, and complexity, there is an increasing need for advanced but user-friendly tools, such as intelligent discovery assistants (IDAs) or automated machine learning (AutoML) systems, that facilitate the user's interaction with the data. This enables non-expert users, such as citizen data scientists, to leverage powerful data analytics techniques effectively. The assistance offered by IDAs or AutoML tools should not be guided only by the analytical problem's data but should also be tailored to each individual user. To this end, this work explores the usage of Knowledge Graphs (KG) as a basic framework for capturing in a human-centered manner complex analytics workflows, by storing information not only about the workflow's components, datasets and algorithms but also about the users, their intents and their feedback, among others. The data stored in the generated KG can then be exploited to provide assistance (e.g., recommendations) to the users interacting with these systems. To accomplish this objective, two methods are explored in this work. Initially, the usage of query templates to extract relevant information from the KG is studied. However, upon identifying its main limitations, the usage of link prediction with knowledge graph embeddings is explored, which enhances flexibility and allows leveraging the entire structure and components of the graph. The experiments show that the proposed method is able to capture the graph's structure and to produce sensible suggestions.

Introduction Tracing the spread of ideas and the presence of influence is a question of special importance across a wide range of disciplines, ranging from intellectual history to cultural analytics, computational social science, and the science of science. Method We collect a corpus of open source journal articles, generate Knowledge Graph representations using the Gemini LLM, and attempt to predict the existence of citations between sampled pairs of articles using previously published methods and a novel Graph Neural Network based embedding model. Results We demonstrate that our knowledge graph embedding method is superior at distinguishing pairs of articles with and without citation. Once trained, it runs efficiently and can be fine - tuned on specific corpora to suit individual researcher needs. Conclusion ( s) This experiment demonstrates that the relationships encoded in a knowledge graph, especially the types of concepts brought together by specific relations can encode information capable of revealing intellectual influence. This suggests that further work in analyzing document level knowledge graphs to understand latent structures c ould provide valuable insights.

A well structured collection of the various Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL) design and working properties data provides a platform to analyze and understand the relationships between these properties. By analyzing these relationships, we can gain insights into how different design features impact laser performance properties such as the working temperature. Most of these QCL properties are captured in scientific text. There is therefore need for efficient methodologies that can be utilized to extract QCL properties from text and generate a semantically enriched and interlinked platform where the properties can be analyzed to uncover hidden relations. There is also the need to maintain provenance and reference information on which these properties are based. Semantic Web technologies such as Ontologies and Knowledge Graphs have proven capability in providing interlinked data platforms for knowledge representation in various domains. In this paper, we propose an approach for generating a QCL properties Knowledge Graph (KG) from text for semantic enrichment of the properties. The approach is based on the QCL ontology and a Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) enabled information extraction pipeline based on GPT 4-Turbo language model. The properties of interest include: working temperature, laser design type, lasing frequency, laser optical power and the heterostructure. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this approach for efficiently extracting QCL properties from unstructured text and generating a QCL properties Knowledge Graph, which has potential applications in semantic enrichment and analysis of QCL data.

In recent years, knowledge graphs have gained interest and witnessed widespread applications in various domains, such as information retrieval, question-answering, recommendation systems, amongst others. Large-scale knowledge graphs to this end have demonstrated their utility in effectively representing structured knowledge. To further facilitate the application of machine learning techniques, knowledge graph embedding (KGE) models have been developed. Such models can transform entities and relationships within knowledge graphs into vectors. However, these embedding models often face challenges related to noise, missing information, distribution shift, adversarial attacks, etc. This can lead to sub-optimal embeddings and incorrect inferences, thereby negatively impacting downstream applications. While the existing literature has focused so far on adversarial attacks on KGE models, the challenges related to the other critical aspects remain unexplored. In this paper, we, first of all, give a unified definition of resilience, encompassing several factors such as generalisation, performance consistency, distribution adaption, and robustness. After formalizing these concepts for machine learning in general, we define them in the context of knowledge graphs. To find the gap in the existing works on resilience in the context of knowledge graphs, we perform a systematic survey, taking into account all these aspects mentioned previously. Our survey results show that most of the existing works focus on a specific aspect of resilience, namely robustness. After categorizing such works based on their respective aspects of resilience, we discuss the challenges and future research directions.

Knowledge Graph (KG) is playing an increasingly important role in various AI systems. For e-commerce, an efficient and low-cost automated knowledge graph construction method is the foundation of enabling various successful downstream applications. In this paper, we propose a novel method for constructing structured product knowledge graphs from raw product images. The method cooperatively leverages recent advances in the vision-language model (VLM) and large language model (LLM), fully automating the process and allowing timely graph updates. We also present a human-annotated e-commerce product dataset for benchmarking product property extraction in knowledge graph construction. Our method outperforms our baseline in all metrics and evaluated properties, demonstrating its effectiveness and bright usage potential.

Language agents have recently been used to simulate human behavior and user-item interactions for recommendation systems. However, current language agent simulations do not understand the relationships between users and items, leading to inaccurate user profiles and ineffective recommendations. In this work, we explore the utility of Knowledge Graphs (KGs), which contain extensive and reliable relationships between users and items, for recommendation. Our key insight is that the paths in a KG can capture complex relationships between users and items, eliciting the underlying reasons for user preferences and enriching user profiles. Leveraging this insight, we propose Knowledge Graph Enhanced Language Agents(KGLA), a framework that unifies language agents and KG for recommendation systems. In the simulated recommendation scenario, we position the user and item within the KG and integrate KG paths as natural language descriptions into the simulation. This allows language agents to interact with each other and discover sufficient rationale behind their interactions, making the simulation more accurate and aligned with real-world cases, thus improving recommendation performance. Our experimental results show that KGLA significantly improves recommendation performance (with a 33%-95% boost in NDCG@1 among three widely used benchmarks) compared to the previous best baseline method.

Geospatial Knowledge Graphs (GeoKGs) model geoentities (e.g., places and natural features) and spatial relationships in an interconnected manner, providing strong knowledge support for geographic applications, including data retrieval, question-answering, and spatial reasoning. However, existing methods for mining and reasoning from GeoKGs, such as popular knowledge graph embedding (KGE) techniques, lack geographic awareness. This study aims to enhance general-purpose KGE by developing new strategies and integrating geometric features of spatial relations, including topology, direction, and distance, to infuse the embedding process with geographic intuition. The new model is tested on downstream link prediction tasks, and the results show that the inclusion of geometric features, particularly topology and direction, improves prediction accuracy for both geoentities and spatial relations. Our research offers new perspectives for integrating spatial concepts and principles into the GeoKG mining process, providing customized GeoAI solutions for geospatial challenges.

Accurately capturing individual differences in semantic networks is fundamental to advancing our mechanistic understanding of semantic memory. Past empirical attempts to construct individual-level semantic networks from behavioral paradigms may be limited by data constraints. To assess these limitations and propose improved designs for the measurement of individual semantic networks, we conducted a recovery simulation investigating the psychometric properties underlying estimates of individual semantic networks obtained from two different behavioral paradigms: free associations and relatedness judgment tasks. Our results show that successful inference of semantic networks is achievable, but they also highlight critical challenges. Estimates of absolute network characteristics are severely biased, such that comparisons between behavioral paradigms and different design configurations are often not meaningful. However, comparisons within a given paradigm and design configuration can be accurate and generalizable when based on designs with moderate numbers of cues, moderate numbers of responses, and cue sets including diverse words. Ultimately, our results provide insights that help evaluate past findings on the structure of semantic networks and design new studies capable of more reliably revealing individual differences in semantic networks.

LLMs are frequently used tools for conversational generation. Without additional information LLMs can generate lower quality responses due to lacking relevant content and hallucinations, as well as the perception of poor emotional capability, and an inability to maintain a consistent character. Knowledge graphs are commonly used forms of external knowledge and may provide solutions to these challenges. This paper introduces three proposals, utilizing knowledge graphs to enhance LLM generation. Firstly, dynamic knowledge graph embeddings and recommendation could allow for the integration of new information and the selection of relevant knowledge for response generation. Secondly, storing entities with emotional values as additional features may provide knowledge that is better emotionally aligned with the user input. Thirdly, integrating character information through narrative bubbles would maintain character consistency, as well as introducing a structure that would readily incorporate new information.

Understanding the complex dynamics of high-dimensional, contingent, and strongly nonlinear economic data, often shaped by multiplicative processes, poses significant challenges for traditional regression methods as such methods offer limited capacity to capture the structural changes they feature. To address this, we propose leveraging the potential of knowledge graph embeddings for economic trade data, in particular, to predict international trade relationships. We implement KonecoKG, a knowledge graph representation of economic trade data with multidimensional relationships using SDM-RDFizer, and transform the relationships into a knowledge graph embedding using AmpliGraph.