The algorithms' convergence is analyzed through a novel federated surrogate optimization framework, which can be of general interest.

See the "Ranker" block of Figure 1.

In this work, we argue that the order of play in strategic classification is fundamentally determined by the relative frequencies at which the decision-maker and the agents adapt to each other's actions.

The mean (median) normalized rating score for White workers was 0.98 (1), while it is 0.97 (1) for Black