Innovation is a key instrument to start a transformational process based on collaboration. It is fundamental for organisations and institutions to have well defined strategies. In this context, brainstorming sessions - and e-brainstorming tools - are effective techniques to put together and associate draft ideas. Yet, in many cases, those ideas and associations do not leave enough digital footprints, are no further used or are lost. This paper introduces the use of Social and Semantic Web technologies to support e-brainstorming. In particular, we present a lightweight ontology to structure e-brainstorming sessions, and the enrichment of existing e-brainstorming tools to do so.

IT Service Management deals with managing a broad range of items related to complex system environments. As there is both, a close connection to business interests and IT infrastructure, the application of semantic expressions which are seamlessly integrated within applications for managing ITSM environments, can help to improve transparency and profitability. This paper focuses on the challenges regarding the integration of semantics and ontologies within ITSM environments. It will describe the paradigm of relationships and inheritance within complex service trees and will present an approach of ontologically expressing them. Furthermore, the application of SBVR-based rules as executable SQL triggers will be discussed. Finally, the broad range of topics for further research, derived from the findings, will be presented.

Informledge System (ILS) is a knowledge network with autonomous nodes and intelligent links that integrate and structure the pieces of knowledge. In this paper, we put forward the strategies for knowledge embedding and retrieval in an ILS. ILS is a powerful knowledge network system dealing with logical storage and connectivity of information units to form knowledge using autonomous nodes and multi-lateral links. In ILS, the autonomous nodes known as Knowledge Network Nodes (KNN)s play vital roles which are not only used in storage, parsing and in forming the multi-lateral linkages between knowledge points but also in helping the realization of intelligent retrieval of linked information units in the form of knowledge. Knowledge built in to the ILS forms the shape of sphere. The intelligence incorporated into the links of a KNN helps in retrieving various knowledge threads from a specific set of KNNs. A developed entity of information realized through KNN forms in to the shape of a knowledge cone

Research in the field of Artificial Intelligence is continually progressing to simulate the human knowledge into automated intelligent knowledge base, which can encode and retrieve knowledge efficiently along with the capability of being is consistent and scalable at all times. However, there is no system at hand that can match the diversified abilities of human knowledge base. In this position paper, we put forward a theoretical model of a different system that intends to integrate pieces of knowledge, Informledge System (ILS). ILS would encode the knowledge, by virtue of knowledge units linked across diversified domains. The proposed ILS comprises of autonomous knowledge units termed as Knowledge Network Node (KNN), which would help in efficient cross-linking of knowledge units to encode fresh knowledge. These links are reasoned and inferred by the Parser and Link Manager, which are part of KNN.

Nowadays ontologies present a growing interest in Data Fusion applications. As a matter of fact, the ontologies are seen as a semantic tool for describing and reasoning about sensor data, objects, relations and general domain theories. In addition, uncertainty is perhaps one of the most important characteristics of the data and information handled by Data Fusion. However, the fundamental nature of ontologies implies that ontologies describe only asserted and veracious facts of the world. Different probabilistic, fuzzy and evidential approaches already exist to fill this gap; this paper recaps the most popular tools. However none of the tools meets exactly our purposes. Therefore, we constructed a Dempster-Shafer ontology that can be imported into any specific domain ontology and that enables us to instantiate it in an uncertain manner. We also developed a Java application that enables reasoning about these uncertain ontological instances.

Simple conceptual graphs are considered as the kernel of most knowledge representation formalisms built upon Sowa's model. Reasoning in this model can be expressed by a graph homomorphism called projection, whose semantics is usually given in terms of positive, conjunctive, existential FOL. We present here a family of extensions of this model, based on rules and constraints, keeping graph homomorphism as the basic operation. We focus on the formal definitions of the different models obtained, including their operational semantics and relationships with FOL, and we analyze the decidability and complexity of the associated problems (consistency and deduction). As soon as rules are involved in reasonings, these problems are not decidable, but we exhibit a condition under which they fall in the polynomial hierarchy. These results extend and complete the ones already published by the authors. Moreover we systematically study the complexity of some particular cases obtained by restricting the form of constraints and/or rules.

This paper presents our work on development of OWL-driven systems for formal representation and reasoning about terminological knowledge and facts in petrology. The long-term aim of our project is to provide solid foundations for a large-scale integration of various kinds of knowledge, including basic terms, rock classification algorithms, findings and reports. We describe three steps we have taken towards that goal here. First, we develop a semi-automated procedure for transforming a database of igneous rock samples to texts in a controlled natural language (CNL), and then a collection of OWL ontologies. Second, we create an OWL ontology of important petrology terms currently described in natural language thesauri. We describe a prototype of a tool for collecting definitions from domain experts. Third, we present an approach to formalization of current industrial standards for classification of rock samples, which requires linear equations in OWL 2. In conclusion, we discuss a range of opportunities arising from the use of semantic technologies in petrology and outline the future work in this area.

Various strategies and techniques have been proposed for the generation of questions/answers tests in Intelligent Tutoring Systems by using OWL (Web Ontology Language) ontolo- gies. Currently there have been no known methods to utilize SWRL rules for this task. This paper presents a system and a set of strategies that can be used in order to automatically generate multiple choice questions from SWRL rules. The aim of the proposed framework is to support further research in the area and to be a testbed for the development of more advanced assessment techniques.

S. Tenier, A. Napoli, X. Polanco and Y.Toussaint (2006) With the proliferation of news articles from thousands of developed an automatic WebPages semantic annotation different sources now available on the Web, summarization system. The objective is to classify pages concerning teams of such information is becoming increasingly important. of research, in order to be able to determine for example Considering the large number of news source (for who works where, on what and with whom (use of examples, BBC, Reuters, CNN…), every day, thousands of ontology of the domain). It consists, first, of the articles are produced in the entire world concerning a given identification of the syntactic structure characterizing the event.

We discuss in this paper, from a pragmatic and operational point of view, the need of a clear differentiation between functional and semantic “roles.” In the first case, according to the linguistic and computational linguistics tradition, roles are seen as relations linking a semantic predicate to its arguments. In the second, in conformity with the ontological and Semantic Web practice, roles are equated to ordinary concepts to be inserted into a standard ontology. As we will show here, the two notions can successfully co-exist in the framework of a high level conceptual modeling language.