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 Ontologies


Major Chinese Global Digital Services Join Yext Knowledge Network in Spring '19 Product Release

#artificialintelligence

Yext, Inc., a Digital Knowledge Management (DKM) firm, announced integrations with some of the largest global digital services used by Chinese travelers around the world, as part of Yext's Spring '19 Product Release. The integrations with Baidu Map (Overseas), Fliggy, CK Map, and PIRT put businesses outside China in control of their brand information in the services that hundreds of millions of Chinese travelers all across the globe use to find places to eat, shop, stay, and more. "The Chinese digital landscape is made up of an entirely different set of services from those in the West. When Chinese travelers who use services like Baidu and Fliggy at home travel overseas, they use these same services to find businesses in the cities they are visiting," said Howard Lerman, Founder and CEO of Yext. "If a business's information isn't in these services, it is invisible to these potential customers. We're integrating with some of the largest Chinese services so businesses using Yext can provide perfect answers to Chinese travelers."


EL Embeddings: Geometric construction of models for the Description Logic EL ++

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

An embedding is a function that maps entities from one algebraic structure into another while preserving certain characteristics. Embeddings are being used successfully for mapping relational data or text into vector spaces where they can be used for machine learning, similarity search, or similar tasks. We address the problem of finding vector space embeddings for theories in the Description Logic $\mathcal{EL}^{++}$ that are also models of the TBox. To find such embeddings, we define an optimization problem that characterizes the model-theoretic semantics of the operators in $\mathcal{EL}^{++}$ within $\Re^n$, thereby solving the problem of finding an interpretation function for an $\mathcal{EL}^{++}$ theory given a particular domain $\Delta$. Our approach is mainly relevant to large $\mathcal{EL}^{++}$ theories and knowledge bases such as the ontologies and knowledge graphs used in the life sciences. We demonstrate that our method can be used for improved prediction of protein--protein interactions when compared to semantic similarity measures or knowledge graph embedding


Challenges for an Ontology of Artificial Intelligence

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Of primary importance in formulating a response to the increasing prevalence and power of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in society are questions of ontology. Questions such as: What "are" these systems? How are they to be regarded? How does an algorithm come to be regarded as an agent? We discuss three factors which hinder discussion and obscure attempts to form a clear ontology of AI: (1) the various and evolving definitions of AI, (2) the tendency for pre-existing technologies to be assimilated and regarded as "normal," and (3) the tendency of human beings to anthropomorphize. This list is not intended as exhaustive, nor is it seen to preclude entirely a clear ontology, however, these challenges are a necessary set of topics for consideration. Each of these factors is seen to present a 'moving target' for discussion, which poses a challenge for both technical specialists and non-practitioners of AI systems development (e.g., philosophers and theologians) to speak meaningfully given that the corpus of AI structures and capabilities evolves at a rapid pace. Finally, we present avenues for moving forward, including opportunities for collaborative synthesis for scholars in philosophy and science.


Artificial Intelligence: The Revolution for SMEs - A Business Knowledge Network Event

#artificialintelligence

AI - 'artificial intelligence' - promises to bring revolution to many parts of our lives: Smart assistants, fully robotic workplaces, driverless cars, "fake news" propaganda. As the digital world around us becomes smarter, what are the implications socially & economically? And what does the future really hold for us in a world of AI? This interesting and informative talk is delivered by Sven Latham from Noggin. Sven is a self-confessed data and computer geek, using big data & AI to analyse town centres.


DIALOG: A framework for modeling, analysis and reuse of digital forensic knowledge

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

This paper presents DIALOG (Digital Investigation Ontology); a framework for the management, reuse, and analysis of Digital Investigation knowledge. DIALOG provides a general, application independent vocabulary that can be used to describe an investigation at different levels of detail. DIALOG is defined to encapsulate all concepts of the digital forensics field and the relationships between them. In particular, we concentrate on the Windows Registry, where registry keys are modeled in terms of both their structure and function. Registry analysis software tools are modeled in a similar manner and we illustrate how the interpretation of their results can be done using the reasoning capabilities of ontology


Making AI meaningful again

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) research enjoyed an initial period of enthusiasm in the 1970s and 80s. But this enthusiasm was tempered by a long interlude of frustration when genuinely useful AI applications failed to be forthcoming. Today, we are experiencing once again a period of enthusiasm, fired above all by the successes of the technology of deep neural networks or deep machine learning. In this paper we draw attention to what we take to be serious problems underlying current views of artificial intelligence encouraged by these successes, especially in the domain of language processing. We then show an alternative approach to language-centric AI, in which we identify a role for philosophy.


Logical Foundations of Linked Data Anonymisation

Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research

The widespread adoption of the Linked Data paradigm has been driven by the increasing demand for information exchange between organisations, as well as by regulations in domains such as health care and governance that require certain data to be published. In this setting, sensitive information is at high risk of disclosure since published data can be often seamlessly linked with arbitrary external data sources. In this paper we lay the logical foundations of anonymisation in the context of Linked Data. We consider anonymisations of RDF graphs (and, more generally, relational datasets with labelled nulls) and define notions of policy-compliant and linkage-safe anonymisations. Policy compliance ensures that an anonymised dataset does not reveal any sensitive information as specified by a policy query. Linkage safety ensures that an anonymised dataset remains compliant even if it is linked to (possibly unknown) external datasets available on the Web, thus providing provable protection guarantees against data linkage attacks. We establish the computational complexity of the underpinning decision problems both under the open-world semantics inherent to RDF and under the assumption that an attacker has complete, closed-world knowledge over some parts of the original data.


Readings in Medical Artificial Intelligence: The First Decade

AI Classics

A survey of early work exploring how AI can be used in medicine, with somewhat more technical expositions than in the complementary volume Artificial Intelligence in Medicine."Each chapter is preceded by a brief introduction that outlines our view of its contribution to the field, the reason it was selected for inclusion in this volume, an overview of its content, and a discussion of how the work evolved after the article appeared and how it relates to other chapters in the book.


Readings in Medical Artificial Intelligence

AI Classics

JANICE S. AIKINS Dr. Aikins received her Ph.D. in computer science from Stanford University in 1980. She is currently a research computer scientist at IBM's Palo Alto Scientific Center. She specializes in designing systems with an emphasis on the explicit representation of control knowledge in expert systems. ROBERT L. BLUM Dr. Blum received his M.D. from the University of California Medical School at San Francisco in 1973. From 1973 to 1976 he did an internship and residency in the Department of Internal Medicine at the Kaiser Foundation Hospital in Oakland, California, where he was chief resident in 1976.


Knowledge Graph Fact Prediction via Knowledge-Enriched Tensor Factorization

arXiv.org Machine Learning

We present a family of novel methods for embedding knowledge graphs into real-valued tensors. These tensor-based embeddings capture the ordered relations that are typical in the knowledge graphs represented by semantic web languages like RDF. Unlike many previous models, our methods can easily use prior background knowledge provided by users or extracted automatically from existing knowledge graphs. In addition to providing more robust methods for knowledge graph embedding, we provide a provably-convergent, linear tensor factorization algorithm. We demonstrate the efficacy of our models for the task of predicting new facts across eight different knowledge graphs, achieving between 5% and 50% relative improvement over existing state-of-the-art knowledge graph embedding techniques. Our empirical evaluation shows that all of the tensor decomposition models perform well when the average degree of an entity in a graph is high, with constraint-based models doing better on graphs with a small number of highly similar relations and regularization-based models dominating for graphs with relations of varying degrees of similarity.