The paper proposes a method for blind super-resolutions by estimating the kernel with a GAN. The method is based on zero-shot learning: it assumes unknown SR kernel, and thus estimates the kernel in a blind manner at test time. The method improves restoration quality by a large margin with the aid of the accurately estimated SR kernel. The paper is well written. Reviewers agreed since the beginning on the acceptance and are satisfied by the rebuttal.

Strength: - The paper proposes an interesting and novel approach for transductive zero-shot learning. It would be great to also include zero shot performance on ImageNet (this is most likely missing as there are not attribute annotations for ImageNet, but the approach does not seem to be limited to attributes for transfer) 1.2. It would be interesting to quantitatively compare to [31] and [34] as ablations of the author's appraoch from which authors took inspiration. The authors claim in the reproducibility checklist to have "Clearly defined error bars" and "A description of results with central tendency (e.g. The paper misses to discuss (qualitatively and quantitatively) recent related work including [A].

The submission originally received scores mixed region that put it into the borderline region. The reviewers praised the simple and apparently effective method, but also noted a number of issues, in particular an unclear relation to [34] (which itself is rather unclear) as well as an insufficient experiment evaluation. In their response the authors provided additional information and results, which the reviewers appreciated. A detailed discussion followed, that ultimately let to the conclusion that the contribution is valuable and that authors should not be punished for a lack of clarity in the prior work [34]. Therefore, the recommendation is to accept the work.

Large language model (LLM) inference workload dominates a wide variety of modern AI applications, ranging from multi-turn conversation to document analysis. Balancing fairness and efficiency is critical for managing diverse client workloads with varying prefix patterns. Unfortunately, existing fair scheduling algorithms for LLM serving, such as Virtual Token Counter (VTC), fail to take prefix locality into consideration and thus suffer from poor performance. On the other hand, locality-aware scheduling algorithms in existing LLM serving frameworks tend to maximize the prefix cache hit rate without considering fair sharing among clients. This paper introduces the first locality-aware fair scheduling algorithm, Deficit Longest Prefix Match (DLPM), which can maintain a high degree of prefix locality with a fairness guarantee. We also introduce a novel algorithm, Double Deficit LPM (D$^2$LPM), extending DLPM for the distributed setup that can find a balance point among fairness, locality, and load-balancing. Our extensive evaluation demonstrates the superior performance of DLPM and D$^2$LPM in ensuring fairness while maintaining high throughput (up to 2.87$\times$ higher than VTC) and low per-client (up to 7.18$\times$ lower than state-of-the-art distributed LLM serving system) latency.

Recent advancements in Large Language Models and Retrieval-Augmented Generation have boosted interest in domain-specific question-answering for enterprise products. However, AI Assistants often face challenges in multi-product QA settings, requiring accurate responses across diverse domains. Existing multi-domain RAG-QA approaches either query all domains indiscriminately, increasing computational costs and LLM hallucinations, or rely on rigid resource selection, which can limit search results. We introduce MKP-QA, a novel multi-product knowledge-augmented QA framework with probabilistic federated search across domains and relevant knowledge. This method enhances multi-domain search quality by aggregating query-domain and query-passage probabilistic relevance. To address the lack of suitable benchmarks for multi-product QAs, we also present new datasets focused on three Adobe products: Adobe Experience Platform, Target, and Customer Journey Analytics. Our experiments show that MKP-QA significantly boosts multi-product RAG-QA performance in terms of both retrieval accuracy and response quality.

Red teaming has emerged as a critical practice in assessing the possible risks of AI models and systems. It aids in the discovery of novel risks, stress testing possible gaps in existing mitigations, enriching existing quantitative safety metrics, facilitating the creation of new safety measurements, and enhancing public trust and the legitimacy of AI risk assessments. This white paper describes OpenAI's work to date in external red teaming and draws some more general conclusions from this work. We describe the design considerations underpinning external red teaming, which include: selecting composition of red team, deciding on access levels, and providing guidance required to conduct red teaming. Additionally, we show outcomes red teaming can enable such as input into risk assessment and automated evaluations. We also describe the limitations of external red teaming, and how it can fit into a broader range of AI model and system evaluations. Through these contributions, we hope that AI developers and deployers, evaluation creators, and policymakers will be able to better design red teaming campaigns and get a deeper look into how external red teaming can fit into model deployment and evaluation processes. These methods are evolving and the value of different methods continues to shift as the ecosystem around red teaming matures and models themselves improve as tools for red teaming.

With the advancement of technology and changes in the market, the demand for the construction of domain-specific knowledge bases has been increasing, either to improve model performance or to promote enterprise innovation and competitiveness. The construction of domain-specific knowledge bases typically relies on web crawlers or existing industry databases, leading to problems with accuracy and consistency of the data. To address these challenges, we considered the characteristics of domain data, where internal knowledge is interconnected, and proposed the Self-Natural Language Inference Data Filtering (self-nli-TDF) framework. This framework compares trusted filtered knowledge with the data to be filtered, deducing the reasoning relationship between them, thus improving filtering performance. The framework uses plug-and-play large language models for trustworthiness assessment and employs the RoBERTa-MNLI model from the NLI domain for reasoning. We constructed three datasets in the domains of biology, radiation, and science, and conducted experiments using RoBERTa, GPT3.5, and the local Qwen2 model. The experimental results show that this framework improves filter quality, producing more consistent and reliable filtering results.

As large scale vision language models become increasingly central to modern AI applications, understanding and mitigating social biases in these systems has never been more critical. We investigate how dataset composition, model size, and multilingual training affect gender and racial bias in a popular VLM, CLIP, and its open source variants. In particular, we systematically evaluate models trained on varying dataset scales and architectures, as well as multilingual versions encompassing English along with Persian, Turkish, and Finnish,languages with minimal gender marking. To assess social perception bias, we measure the zero-shot performance on face images featuring socially charged terms rooted in the psychological constructs of communion and agency, and demographic labeling bias using both the FairFace and PATA datasets. Our findings reveal three key insights. First, while larger training datasets can mitigate some biases, they may also introduce or amplify others when the data composition is imbalanced. Second, although increasing model size generally improves performance, it does not consistently reduce bias and can, in certain cases, exacerbate it. Finally, while multilingual training broadens linguistic coverage, it does not inherently neutralize bias and can transfer or intensify inequities across languages. Taken together, these results highlight the necessity of inclusive, carefully curated training data to foster fairness rather than relying solely on model scaling or language expansion. We provide a systematic evaluation for vision language bias across diverse demographics, underscoring the urgent need for intentional bias mitigation strategies in next-generation AI systems.

The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) marks a transformative era in technology, especially within the educational sector. This paper explores the integration of LLMs within learning management systems (LMSs) to develop an adaptive learning management system (ALMS) personalized for individual learners across various educational stages. Traditional LMSs, while facilitating the distribution of educational materials, fall short in addressing the nuanced needs of diverse student populations, particularly in settings with limited instructor availability. Our proposed system leverages the flexibility of AI to provide a customizable learning environment that adjusts to each user's evolving needs. By integrating a suite of general-purpose and domain-specific LLMs, this system aims to minimize common issues such as factual inaccuracies and outdated information, characteristic of general LLMs like OpenAI's ChatGPT. This paper details the development of an ALMS that not only addresses privacy concerns and the limitations of existing educational tools but also enhances the learning experience by maintaining engagement through personalized educational content.

The dream of achieving a student-teacher ratio of 1:1 is closer than ever thanks to the emergence of large language models (LLMs). One potential application of these models in the educational field would be to provide feedback to students in university introductory programming courses, so that a student struggling to solve a basic implementation problem could seek help from an LLM available 24/7. This article focuses on studying three aspects related to such an application. First, the performance of two well-known models, GPT-3.5T and GPT-4T, in providing feedback to students is evaluated. The empirical results showed that GPT-4T performs much better than GPT-3.5T, however, it is not yet ready for use in a real-world scenario. This is due to the possibility of generating incorrect information that potential users may not always be able to detect. Second, the article proposes a carefully designed prompt using in-context learning techniques that allows automating important parts of the evaluation process, as well as providing a lower bound for the fraction of feedbacks containing incorrect information, saving time and effort. This was possible because the resulting feedback has a programmatically analyzable structure that incorporates diagnostic information about the LLM's performance in solving the requested task. Third, the article also suggests a possible strategy for implementing a practical learning tool based on LLMs, which is rooted on the proposed prompting techniques. This strategy opens up a whole range of interesting possibilities from a pedagogical perspective.