Knowledge Base Question Answering (KBQA) aims to answer natural language questions with the help of an external knowledge base. The core idea is to find the link between the internal knowledge behind questions and known triples of the knowledge base. The KBQA task pipeline contains several steps, including entity recognition, entity linking, answering selection, etc. This kind of pipeline method means that errors in any procedure will inevitably propagate to the final prediction. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a Corpus Generation - Retrieve Method (CGRM) with Pre-training Language Model (PLM) for the KBQA task. The major novelty lies in the design of the new method, wherein our approach, the knowledge enhanced T5 (kT5) model aims to generate natural language QA pairs based on Knowledge Graph triples and directly solve the QA by only retrieving the synthetic dataset. The new method can extract more information about the entities from PLM to improve accuracy and simplify the processes. We test our method on NLPCC-ICCPOL 2016 KBQA dataset, and the results show that our method improves the performance of KBQA and the out straight-forward method is competitive with the state-of-the-art.

Objective: to provide a scoping review of papers on clinical natural language processing (NLP) tasks that use publicly available electronic health record data from a cohort of patients. Materials and Methods: We searched six databases, including biomedical research and computer science literature database. A round of title/abstract screening and full-text screening were conducted by two reviewers. Our method followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: A total of 35 papers with 47 clinical NLP tasks met inclusion criteria between 2007 and 2021. We categorized the tasks by the type of NLP problems, including name entity recognition, summarization, and other NLP tasks. Some tasks were introduced with a topic of clinical decision support applications, such as substance abuse, phenotyping, cohort selection for clinical trial. We summarized the tasks by publication and dataset information. Discussion: The breadth of clinical NLP tasks keeps growing as the field of NLP evolves with advancements in language systems. However, gaps exist in divergent interests between general domain NLP community and clinical informatics community, and in generalizability of the data sources. We also identified issues in data selection and preparation including the lack of time-sensitive data, and invalidity of problem size and evaluation. Conclusions: The existing clinical NLP tasks cover a wide range of topics and the field will continue to grow and attract more attention from both general domain NLP and clinical informatics community. We encourage future work to incorporate multi-disciplinary collaboration, reporting transparency, and standardization in data preparation.

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Multi-label learning predicts a subset of labels from a given label set for an unseen instance while considering label correlations. A known challenge with multi-label classification is the long-tailed distribution of labels. Many studies focus on improving the overall predictions of the model and thus do not prioritise tail-end labels. Improving the tail-end label predictions in multi-label classifications of medical text enables the potential to understand patients better and improve care. The knowledge gained by one or more infrequent labels can impact the cause of medical decisions and treatment plans. This research presents variations of concatenated domain-specific language models, including multi-BioMed-Transformers, to achieve two primary goals. First, to improve F1 scores of infrequent labels across multi-label problems, especially with long-tail labels; second, to handle long medical text and multi-sourced electronic health records (EHRs), a challenging task for standard transformers designed to work on short input sequences. A vital contribution of this research is new state-of-the-art (SOTA) results obtained using TransformerXL for predicting medical codes. A variety of experiments are performed on the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-III) database. Results show that concatenated BioMed-Transformers outperform standard transformers in terms of overall micro and macro F1 scores and individual F1 scores of tail-end labels, while incurring lower training times than existing transformer-based solutions for long input sequences.

Amazon CloudWatch has recently launched Metrics Insights – a fast, flexible, SQL-based query engine that lets customers identify trends and patterns across millions of operational metrics in real time. Metrics Insights allows customers to easily query and analyze metrics to gain better visibility into the health and performance of their infrastructure and large-scale applications. Nobl9 and Amazon Web Services (AWS) have collaborated to extend the existing Nobl9 CloudWatch integration with CloudWatch Metrics Insights (Preview). This will help users to retrieve metrics even faster and gain added flexibility in querying raw service level indicator (SLI) data to use for your SLOs. Nobl9 launched the first version of its CloudWatch integration in September 2021, giving customers a versatile tool to monitor their products.

New Google machine learning model is better state of the art for solving natural language processing tasks.

In SEO, the focus is so often on Google. 'How do I rank higher in the Google SERPs?', or'How can I get more rich snippets on Google?' Of course, Google is one of the most popular search engines, but it's certainly not the only one. Different search engines have different audience demographics and different pros and cons, so when you're optimizing your website, you don't want to miss out on a significant share of a certain market. In this article, you will find a complete list of all top internet search engines, their pros and cons, and whether Google really is the most popular. We made a list of the top ten search engines widely used today.

This paper presents a new task of predicting the coverage of a text document for relation extraction (RE): does the document contain many relational tuples for a given entity? Coverage predictions are useful in selecting the best documents for knowledge base construction with large input corpora. To study this problem, we present a dataset of 31,366 diverse documents for 520 entities. We analyze the correlation of document coverage with features like length, entity mention frequency, Alexa rank, language complexity and information retrieval scores. Each of these features has only moderate predictive power. We employ methods combining features with statistical models like TF-IDF and language models like BERT. The model combining features and BERT, HERB, achieves an F1 score of up to 46%. We demonstrate the utility of coverage predictions on two use cases: KB construction and claim refutation.

Considering the rapidly increasing number of academic papers, searching for and citing appropriate references has become a non-trial task during the wiring of papers. Recommending a handful of candidate papers to a manuscript before publication could ease the burden of the authors, and help the reviewers to check the completeness of the cited resources. Conventional approaches on citation recommendation generally consider recommending one ground-truth citation for a query context from an input manuscript, but lack of consideration on co-citation recommendations. However, a piece of context often needs to be supported by two or more co-citation pairs. Here, we propose a novel scientific paper modeling for citation recommendations, namely Multi-Positive BERT Model for Citation Recommendation (MP-BERT4CR), complied with a series of Multi-Positive Triplet objectives to recommend multiple positive citations for a query context. The proposed approach has the following advantages: First, the proposed multi-positive objectives are effective to recommend multiple positive candidates. Second, we adopt noise distributions which are built based on the historical co-citation frequencies, so that MP-BERT4CR is not only effective on recommending high-frequent co-citation pairs; but also the performances on retrieving the low-frequent ones are significantly improved. Third, we propose a dynamic context sampling strategy which captures the ``macro-scoped'' citing intents from a manuscript and empowers the citation embeddings to be content-dependent, which allow the algorithm to further improve the performances. Single and multiple positive recommendation experiments testified that MP-BERT4CR delivered significant improvements. In addition, MP-BERT4CR are also effective in retrieving the full list of co-citations, and historically low-frequent co-citation pairs compared with the prior works.