A generative AI architecture called bubbly flow generative adversarial networks (BF-GAN) is developed, designed to generate realistic and high-quality bubbly flow images through physically conditioned inputs, jg and jf. Initially, 52 sets of bubbly flow experiments under varying conditions are conducted to collect 140,000 bubbly flow images with physical labels of jg and jf for training data. A multi-scale loss function is then developed, incorporating mismatch loss and pixel loss to enhance the generative performance of BF-GAN further. Regarding evaluative metrics of generative AI, the BF-GAN has surpassed conventional GAN. Physically, key parameters of bubbly flow generated by BF-GAN are extracted and compared with measurement values and empirical correlations, validating BF-GAN's generative performance. The comparative analysis demonstrate that the BF-GAN can generate realistic and high-quality bubbly flow images with any given jg and jf within the research scope. BF-GAN offers a generative AI solution for two-phase flow research, substantially lowering the time and cost required to obtain high-quality data. In addition, it can function as a benchmark dataset generator for bubbly flow detection and segmentation algorithms, enhancing overall productivity in this research domain. The BF-GAN model is available online (https://github.com/zhouzhouwen/BF-GAN).

The Parry-Lord oral-formulaic theory was a breakthrough in understanding how oral narrative poetry is learned, composed, and transmitted by illiterate bards. In this paper, we provide an annotated reading of the mechanism underlying this theory from the lens of large language models (LLMs) and generative artificial intelligence (AI). We point out the the similarities and differences between oral composition and LLM generation, and comment on the implications to society and AI policy.

The relatively short history of Generative AI has been punctuated with big steps forward in model capability. This happened again over the last few weeks triggered by a couple of papers released by a Chinese company DeepSeek [1]. In late December they released DeepSeek-V3 [2] a direct competitor to OpenAI's GPT4o, apparently trained in two months, for approximately $5.6 million [3, 4], which equates to 1/50th of the costs of other comparable models [5]. On the 20th of January they released DeepSeek-R1 [6] a set of reasoning models, containing "numerous powerful and intriguing reasoning behaviours" [6], achieving comparable performance to OpenAI's o1 model - and they are open for researchers to examine [7]. This openness is a welcome move for many AI researchers keen to understand more about the models they are using. It should be noted that these models are released as'open weights' meaning the model can be built upon, and freely used (under the MIT license), but without the training data it's not truly open source. However, more details than usual were shared about the training process in the associated documentation.

Deep generative models have shown immense potential in generating unseen data that has properties of real data. These models learn complex data-generating distributions starting from a smaller set of latent dimensions. However, generative models have encountered great skepticism in scientific domains due to the disconnection between generative latent vectors and scientifically relevant quantities. In this study, we integrate three types of machine learning models to generate solar magnetic patches in a physically interpretable manner and use those as a query to find matching patches in real observations. We use the magnetic field measurements from Space-weather HMI Active Region Patches (SHARPs) to train a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). We connect the physical properties of GAN-generated images with their latent vectors to train Support Vector Machines (SVMs) that do mapping between physical and latent spaces. These produce directions in the GAN latent space along which known physical parameters of the SHARPs change. We train a self-supervised learner (SSL) to make queries with generated images and find matches from real data. We find that the GAN-SVM combination enables users to produce high-quality patches that change smoothly only with a prescribed physical quantity, making generative models physically interpretable. We also show that GAN outputs can be used to retrieve real data that shares the same physical properties as the generated query. This elevates Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) from a means-to-produce artificial data to a novel tool for scientific data interrogation, supporting its applicability beyond the domain of heliophysics.

OpenAI's ChatGPT has removed the last barrier to using ChatGPT as a search engine, the requirement to log in. OpenAI launched the feature last fall, but required a login. Now, the feature can be used without the need for registration. ChatGPT Search is essentially just ChatGPT, and can be accessed at ChatGPT.com. But below the "Message ChatGPT" box you'll see a small icon called "Search" that can be clicked.

Less than a year into his tenure at the company, OpenAI co-founder John Schulman is leaving Anthropic. The startup confirmed Schulman's departure after The Information, Reuters and other publications reported on the exit. "We are sad to see John go but fully support his decision to pursue new opportunities and wish him all the very best," said Jared Kaplan, Anthropic's chief science officer, in a statement the company shared with Engadget. Schulman left OpenAI last August alongside Peter Deng, the company's former vice-president of consumer product. Schulman is considered one of the original architects of ChatGPT.

In a two-part series, MIT News explores the environmental implications of generative AI. In this article, we look at why this technology is so resource-intensive. A second piece will investigate what experts are doing to reduce genAI's carbon footprint and other impacts. The excitement surrounding potential benefits of generative AI, from improving worker productivity to advancing scientific research, is hard to ignore. While the explosive growth of this new technology has enabled rapid deployment of powerful models in many industries, the environmental consequences of this generative AI "gold rush" remain difficult to pin down, let alone mitigate.

Enterprise adoption of generative AI technologies has undergone explosive growth in the last two years and counting. Powerful solutions underpinned by this new generation of large language models (LLMs) have been used to accelerate research, automate content creation, and replace clunky chatbots with AI assistants and more sophisticated AI agents that closely mimic human interaction. "In 2023 and the first part of 2024, we saw enterprises experimenting, trying out new use cases to see, 'What can this new technology do for me?'" explains Arthy Krishnamurthy, senior director for business transformation at Dataiku. But while many organizations were eager to adopt and exploit these exciting new capabilities, some may have underestimated the need to thoroughly scrutinize AI-related risks and recalibrate existing frameworks and forecasts for digital transformation.

Amazon is set to release its long-awaited -- and delayed -- Alexa generative artificial intelligence voice service, said three people familiar with the matter, and has scheduled a media event for later this month to preview it. Once released, it would mark the most significant upgrade to the product since its initial introduction accelerated a wave of digital assistants more than a decade ago. Amazon on Wednesday sent media invites to an event to be held on Feb. 26 in New York featuring the head of its devices and services team, Panos Panay. A spokesperson said the event is Alexa-focused, while declining to elaborate.

Healthcare systems are struggling to meet the growing demand for neurological care, with challenges particularly acute in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). While artificial intelligence research has often focused on identifying patterns beyond human perception, implementing such predictive capabilities remains challenging as clinicians cannot readily verify insights they cannot themselves detect. We propose that large language models (LLMs) offer more immediately practical applications by enhancing clinicians' capabilities in three critical areas: comprehensive data collection, interpretation of complex clinical information, and timely application of relevant medical knowledge. These challenges stem from limited time for proper diagnosis, growing data complexity, and an overwhelming volume of medical literature that exceeds any clinician's capacity to fully master. We present a framework for responsible AI integration that leverages LLMs' ability to communicate effectively with both patients and providers while maintaining human oversight. This approach prioritizes standardized, high-quality data collection to enable a system that learns from every patient encounter while incorporating the latest clinical evidence, continuously improving care delivery. We begin to address implementation challenges and initiate important discussions around ethical considerations and governance needs. While developed for ADRD, this roadmap provides principles for responsible AI integration across neurology and other medical specialties, with potential to improve diagnostic accuracy, reduce care disparities, and advance clinical knowledge through a learning healthcare system.