Consider a Markov decision process (MDP) that admits a set of state-action features, which can linearly express the process's probabilistic transition model. We propose a parametric Q-learning algorithm that finds an approximate-optimal policy using a sample size proportional to the feature dimension $K$ and invariant with respect to the size of the state space. To further improve its sample efficiency, we exploit the monotonicity property and intrinsic noise structure of the Bellman operator, provided the existence of anchor state-actions that imply implicit non-negativity in the feature space. We augment the algorithm using techniques of variance reduction, monotonicity preservation, and confidence bounds. It is proved to find a policy which is $\epsilon$-optimal from any initial state with high probability using $\widetilde{O}(K/\epsilon^2(1-\gamma)^3)$ sample transitions for arbitrarily large-scale MDP with a discount factor $\gamma\in(0,1)$. A matching information-theoretical lower bound is proved, confirming the sample optimality of the proposed method with respect to all parameters (up to polylog factors).

The cloud radio access network (CRAN) is a promising paradigm to meet the stringent requirements of the fifth generation (5G) wireless systems. Meanwhile, wireless traffic prediction is a key enabler for C-RANs to improve both the spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency through load-aware network managements. This paper proposes a scalable Gaussian process (GP) framework as a promising solution to achieve large-scale wireless traffic prediction in a cost-efficient manner. First, to the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to empower GP regression with the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) for parallel hyper-parameter optimization in the training phase, where such a scalable training framework well balances the local estimation in baseband units (BBUs) and information consensus among BBUs in a principled way for large-scale executions. Second, in the prediction phase, we fuse local predictions obtained from the BBUs via a cross-validation based optimal strategy, which demonstrates itself to be reliable and robust for general regression tasks. Moreover, such a cross-validation based optimal fusion strategy is built upon a well acknowledged probabilistic model to retain the valuable closed-form GP inference properties. Third, we propose a CRAN based scalable wireless prediction architecture, where the prediction accuracy and the time consumption can be balanced by tuning the number of the BBUs according to the real-time system demands. Experimental results show that our proposed scalable GP model can outperform the state-of-the-art approaches considerably, in terms of wireless traffic prediction performance. I. INTRODUCTION The fifth generation (5G) system is expected to provide approximately 1000 times higher wireless capacity and reduce up to 90 percent of energy consumption compared with the current 4G system [1]. A CRAN is composed of two parts: the distributed remote radio heads (RRHs) with basic radio functionalities to provide coverage over a large area, and the centralized baseband units (BBUs) pool with parallel BBUs to support joint processing and cooperative network management. The BBUs can perform dynamic resource allocation in accordance with realtime networkdemands based on the virtualized resources in cloud computing. One major feature for the C-RANs to enable high energy-efficient services is the fast adaptability to nonuniform traffic variations [1]-[4], e.g., the tidal effects. Consequently, wireless traffic prediction techniques stand out as the key enabler to realize such loadaware managementand proactive control in C-RANs, e.g., the load-aware RRH on/off operation [4].

This book has been adapted in large part from the author's doctoral thesis [Shortliffe, l 974b]. Portions of the work appeared previously in Computers And Biomedical Research [Shortliffe, 1973, l 975b], Mathematical Biosciences [Shortliffe, 1975a], and the Proceedings Of The Thirteenth San Diego Biomedical Symposium [Shortliffe, l 974a]. To Stanford's Medical Scientist Training Program, which is supported by the National Institutes of Health Contents

JANICE S. AIKINS Dr. Aikins received her Ph.D. in computer science from Stanford University in 1980. She is currently a research computer scientist at IBM's Palo Alto Scientific Center. She specializes in designing systems with an emphasis on the explicit representation of control knowledge in expert systems. ROBERT L. BLUM Dr. Blum received his M.D. from the University of California Medical School at San Francisco in 1973. From 1973 to 1976 he did an internship and residency in the Department of Internal Medicine at the Kaiser Foundation Hospital in Oakland, California, where he was chief resident in 1976.

Edward H. Shortliffe Chapter 6 Details of the Revised Therapy Algorithm

Sign languages aren't easy to learn and are even harder to teach. They use not just hand gestures but also mouthings, facial expressions and body posture to communicate meaning. This complexity means professional teaching programs are still rare and often expensive. But this could all change soon, with a little help from artificial intelligence (AI). My colleagues and I are working on software for teaching yourself sign languages in an automated, intuitive way.

We give the first efficient algorithm for learning the structure of an Ising model that tolerates independent failures; that is, each entry of the observed sample is missing with some unknown probability p. Our algorithm matches the essentially optimal runtime and sample complexity bounds of recent work for learning Ising models due to Klivans and Meka (2017). We devise a novel unbiased estimator for the gradient of the Interaction Screening Objective (ISO) due to Vuffray et al. (2016) and apply a stochastic multiplicative gradient descent algorithm to minimize this objective. Solutions to this minimization recover the neighborhood information of the underlying Ising model on a node by node basis.

This paper introduces a new method for model selection and more generally hyperparameter selection in machine learning. The paper first proves a relationship between generalization error and a difference of description lengths of the training data; we call this difference differential description length (DDL). This allows prediction of generalization error from the training data \emph{alone} by performing encoding of the training data. This can now be used for model selection by choosing the model that has the smallest predicted generalization error. We show how this encoding can be done for linear regression and neural networks. We provide experiments showing that this leads to smaller generalization error than cross-validation and traditional MDL and Bayes methods.

Online detection of instantaneous changes in the generative process of a data sequence generally focuses on retrospective inference of such change points without considering their future occurrences. We extend the Bayesian Online Change Point Detection algorithm to also infer the number of time steps until the next change point (i.e., the residual time). This enables us to handle observation models which depend on the total segment duration, which is useful to model data sequences with temporal scaling. In addition, we extend the model by removing the i.i.d. assumption on the observation model parameters. The resulting inference algorithm for segment detection can be deployed in an online fashion, and we illustrate applications to synthetic and to two medical real-world data sets.

We consider a finite time horizon multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem in a Bayesian framework, for which we develop a general set of control policies that leverage ideas from information relaxations of stochastic dynamic optimization problems. In crude terms, an information relaxation allows the decision maker (DM) to have access to the future (unknown) rewards and incorporate them in her optimization problem to pick an action at time $t$, but penalizes the decision maker for using this information. In our setting, the future rewards allow the DM to better estimate the unknown mean reward parameters of the multiple arms, and optimize her sequence of actions. By picking different information penalties, the DM can construct a family of policies of increasing complexity that, for example, include Thompson Sampling and the true optimal (but intractable) policy as special cases. We systematically develop this framework of information relaxation sampling, propose an intuitive family of control policies for our motivating finite time horizon Bayesian MAB problem, and prove associated structural results and performance bounds. Numerical experiments suggest that this new class of policies performs well, in particular in settings where the finite time horizon introduces significant tension in the problem. Finally, inspired by the finite time horizon Gittins index, we propose an index policy that builds on our framework that particularly outperforms to the state-of-the-art algorithms in our numerical experiments.