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What is Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML) & Deep Learning (DL)?

#artificialintelligence

The terms artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning can be very unclear and muzzy sometimes even by its practitioners as it is used in the same context interchangeably. Lets begin with the popular "Artificial Intelligence". The term "Artificial Intelligence" has been around for over 60 years. Of course it triggers a lot of connotations to people when they hear the term especially at the first instance. Some of the ideas describes computers as being smart from probably getting some good article or data from the internet like Wikipedia.


Inflatable robotic hand gives amputees real-time tactile control

Daily Mail - Science & tech

Scientists have created an inflatable robotic hand that costs a fraction of more rigid prosthetic limbs and gives amputees real-time tactile control. The pliable design, which bears an uncanny resemblance to the inflatable robot in the animated film'Big Hero 6', includes five balloon-like fingers attached to a 3D-printed'palm' shaped like a human hand. Its creators are particularly excited because the parts cost around $500 (£362), making it much more affordable than other bionic limbs that can cost tens of thousands of dollars. The pliable design includes five balloon-like fingers attached to a 3D-printed'palm' shaped like a human hand Prosthetics that attach to part of the human body are often objects that allow a person to perform a specific function - such as blades for running. Scientists are working to develop prosthetics that are personalised and respond to the commands of the wearer.


FEATURE: Will artificial intelligence replace engineers?

#artificialintelligence

The artificial intelligence (AI) program was able to produce pieces of writing indistinguishable from those created by quite skilled human writers. Many asked whether the emergence of such programs spelled the end of journalism as a human profession. There are other disciplines previously reserved for talented humans that today's AI can comfortably tackle. It can write songs that mimic the sound of famous pop stars or create paintings in the style of great masters of the past. In engineering, architecture and design, a new type of AI-based software emerged, capable of creating a multitude of solutions to a problem in a short period based on predefined criteria.


Coalesced Multi-Output Tsetlin Machines with Clause Sharing

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Using finite-state machines to learn patterns, Tsetlin machines (TMs) have obtained competitive accuracy and learning speed across several benchmarks, with frugal memory- and energy footprint. A TM represents patterns as conjunctive clauses in propositional logic (AND-rules), each clause voting for or against a particular output. While efficient for single-output problems, one needs a separate TM per output for multi-output problems. Employing multiple TMs hinders pattern reuse because each TM then operates in a silo. In this paper, we introduce clause sharing, merging multiple TMs into a single one. Each clause is related to each output by using a weight. A positive weight makes the clause vote for output $1$, while a negative weight makes the clause vote for output $0$. The clauses thus coalesce to produce multiple outputs. The resulting coalesced Tsetlin Machine (CoTM) simultaneously learns both the weights and the composition of each clause by employing interacting Stochastic Searching on the Line (SSL) and Tsetlin Automata (TA) teams. Our empirical results on MNIST, Fashion-MNIST, and Kuzushiji-MNIST show that CoTM obtains significantly higher accuracy than TM on $50$- to $1$K-clause configurations, indicating an ability to repurpose clauses. E.g., accuracy goes from $71.99$% to $89.66$% on Fashion-MNIST when employing $50$ clauses per class (22 Kb memory). While TM and CoTM accuracy is similar when using more than $1$K clauses per class, CoTM reaches peak accuracy $3\times$ faster on MNIST with $8$K clauses. We further investigate robustness towards imbalanced training data. Our evaluations on imbalanced versions of IMDb- and CIFAR10 data show that CoTM is robust towards high degrees of class imbalance. Being able to share clauses, we believe CoTM will enable new TM application domains that involve multiple outputs, such as learning language models and auto-encoding.


Social influence leads to the formation of diverse local trends

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

How does the visual design of digital platforms impact user behavior and the resulting environment? A body of work suggests that introducing social signals to content can increase both the inequality and unpredictability of its success, but has only been shown in the context of music listening. To further examine the effect of social influence on media popularity, we extend this research to the context of algorithmically-generated images by re-adapting Salganik et al's Music Lab experiment. On a digital platform where participants discover and curate AI-generated hybrid animals, we randomly assign both the knowledge of other participants' behavior and the visual presentation of the information. We successfully replicate the Music Lab's findings in the context of images, whereby social influence leads to an unpredictable winner-take-all market. However, we also find that social influence can lead to the emergence of local cultural trends that diverge from the status quo and are ultimately more diverse. We discuss the implications of these results for platform designers and animal conservation efforts.


Tool for explainable face biometrics, neural networks open-sourced by TruEra

#artificialintelligence

TruEra has made its tool for explainability in machine learning models … Explanations for Deep Convolutional Networks' by the creators of Carnegie …


Data Sharing to Improve AI Used in Breast-Imaging Research

#artificialintelligence

To develop and evaluate their deep-learning model for the detection of … One is to improve research and development of machine-learning algorithms …


How AI is Changing the AV and IT Industries

#artificialintelligence

As the IT (Information Technology) and AV (Audio Visual) industries further develop their usage of artificial intelligence (AI), there is going to be an incredible amount of change that goes with it. AI has already transformed how we use computers, but has lasting impacts on the future of several industries. This is especially true for sectors that rely heavily on technology. Something to consider is how AI is affecting these two industries. Information Technology, for example, seems to be more focused towards commercial clients, but AV tends to trend more towards residential clients (although there are plenty of business needs as well).


Ryan Reynolds Called In a Favor for That Big Free Guy Cameo

WIRED

Free Guy is pop culture in a blender. Largely set in a video game that feels like a cross between Fortnite and Grand Theft Auto, the movie feels both incredibly familiar and brand new. According to Ryan Reynolds, who stars as a non-playable character named Guy, that's by design. "A wholesale, original non-IP, non-comic-book, non-sequel movie is an increasingly rare unicorn these days," Reynolds tells WIRED. "I remember as a kid getting to see Back to the Future for the first time, and I'm not comparing our movie to Back to the Future, but I kind of wanted it to have a bit of that magic. I love being immersed in a world I'm unfamiliar with, and experiencing real wish-fulfillment is something that harkens back to, like, the Amblin days."


Deepfakes Are Now Making Business Pitches

WIRED

New workplace technologies often start life as both status symbols and productivity aids. The first car phones and PowerPoint presentations closed deals and also signalled their users' clout. Some partners at EY, the accounting giant formerly known as Ernst & Young, are now testing a new workplace gimmick for the era of artificial intelligence. They spice up client presentations or routine emails with synthetic talking head-style video clips starring virtual body doubles of themselves made with AI software--a corporate spin on a technology commonly known as deepfakes. The firm's exploration of the technology, provided by UK startup Synthesia, comes as the pandemic has quashed more traditional ways to cement business relationships.