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Training Language Model Agents to Find Vulnerabilities with CTF-Dojo

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities when trained within executable runtime environments, notably excelling at software engineering tasks through verified feedback loops. Yet, scalable and generalizable execution-grounded environments remain scarce, limiting progress in training more capable ML agents. We introduce CTF-Dojo, the first large-scale executable runtime tailored for training LLMs with verifiable feedback, featuring 658 fully functional Capture-The-Flag (CTF)-style challenges containerized in Docker with guaranteed reproducibility. To enable rapid scaling without manual intervention, we develop CTF-Forge, an automated pipeline that transforms publicly available artifacts into ready-to-use execution environments in minutes, eliminating weeks of expert configuration traditionally required. We trained LLM-based agents on just 486 high-quality, execution-verified trajectories from CTF-Dojo, achieving up to 11.6% absolute gains over strong baselines across three competitive benchmarks: InterCode-CTF, NYU CTF Bench, and Cybench. Our best-performing 32B model reaches 31.9% Pass@1, establishing a new open-weight state-of-the-art that rivals frontier models like DeepSeek-V3-0324 and Gemini-2.5-Flash. By framing CTF-style tasks as a benchmark for executable-agent learning, CTF-Dojo demonstrates that execution-grounded training signals are not only effective but pivotal in advancing high-performance ML agents without dependence on costly proprietary systems.


Melania Trump declares 'the moment is now' for new global children's initiative at UN

FOX News

First lady Melania Trump unveiled a new international initiative focused on protecting children from artificial intelligence risks while promoting innovation and safety.


Loud TV commercials drive viewers crazy. California wants to quiet them down

Los Angeles Times

Things to Do in L.A. Tap to enable a layout that focuses on the article. Loud TV commercials drive viewers crazy. State Sen. Tom Umberg (D-Santa Ana) wrote Senate Bill 576 to lower the volume on streaming-service ads. This is read by an automated voice. Please report any issues or inconsistencies here .


OpenAI Teams Up With Oracle and SoftBank to Build 5 New Stargate Data Centers

WIRED

The new sites will boost Stargate's planned capacity to nearly 7 gigawatts--about equal to the output of seven large nuclear reactors. An aerial view shows construction underway on a Project Stargate AI infrastructure site in Abilene, Texas on April 23, 2025. OpenAI is planning to build five new data centers in the United States as part of the Stargate initiative, the company announced on Tuesday. The sites, which are being developed in partnership with Oracle and SoftBank, bring Stargate's current planned capacity to nearly 7 gigawatts--roughly the same amount of power as seven large-scale nuclear reactors . "AI is different from the internet in a lot of ways, but one of them is just how much infrastructure it takes," OpenAI CEO Sam Altman said during a press briefing in Abilene, Texas on Tuesday.


What are the risks of a global digital divide in AI?

Al Jazeera

Why is Jimmy Kimmel returning to ABC? What is the H-1B visa programme? Inside Story What are the risks of a global digital divide in AI? UN warns 118 states are way behind leaders in Artificial Intelligence. Artificial intelligence is the tech revolution of our times. But more than 100 countries are falling way behind those leading the surge in AI, and are losing out. That is what the UN General Assembly will hear this week.


Uncle Sam to the rescue. Trump helps out the UK with a 350 billion tech deal

FOX News

President Trump's state visit to the UK secured $350 billion in US tech investments to strengthen Britain's AI capabilities and counter Chinese influence.


Hurricane forecasters warn of double storm nearing East Coast in just DAYS

Daily Mail - Science & tech

Jimmy Kimmel's big TV comeback strangled as SEVENTY ABC affiliates refuse to air tonight's show Wall Street delivers clear verdict on Trump's Tylenol claims I was a devout Catholic... until I died. I'm the doctor on the cusp of an autism breakthrough... we're using an everyday $2.50 pill to reverse children's symptoms Secret Service foils'espionage' plot in NYC ahead of UN General Assembly that could have crashed Big Apple's phone network The'marry me' sex move that'll make even the most commitment-phobic of men beg to see you again... and it worked for THREE of my friends Sarah Ferguson sent Jeffrey Epstein fawning apology email'after he threatened to destroy her' in'Hannibal Lector-like' phone call The six hidden messages in the texts between Charlie Kirk's'assassin' and his trans lover DECODED Awkward moment Emmanuel Macron rings Trump for help after his motorcade is stopped by cops in New York... but ends up having to get out and walk Kate Middleton delivers a'mic drop' moment in dazzling gold dress identical to the late monarch - giving a glimpse of the Queen she plans to be William is urging his father to disown Fergie and Andrew over Epstein scandal... but King fears they could go rogue and values their loyalty Insiders speak out on Barack and Michelle Obama's secretive yacht vacation amid's**t show': 'They NEEDED this trip' MORE: Gabrielle surging into major hurricane as forecasters warn of'life-threatening' impact to East Coast Hurricane forecasters warn that the US East Coast could feel the wrath of two tropical cyclones at the same time next week. The National Hurricane Center (NHC) revealed their updated tracks for a pair of tropical disturbances brewing in the Atlantic, giving both a high likelihood of turning into named storms within seven days . One of these threatening weather systems, currently dubbed Invest 94L, is expected to form right off the coast of Florida . The other potential storm, called Invest 93L, has been developing in the middle of the Atlantic and forecasters unveiled an initial path that could take it towards the Carolinas by the end of the week.


Why Amazon Fresh failed: As all 19 remaining UK stores close, experts blame 'dystopian' concept that stoked fears of Big Brother surveillance

Daily Mail - Science & tech

Jimmy Kimmel's big TV comeback strangled as SEVENTY ABC affiliates refuse to air tonight's show Wall Street delivers clear verdict on Trump's Tylenol claims I was a devout Catholic... until I died. I'm the doctor on the cusp of an autism breakthrough... we're using an everyday $2.50 pill to reverse children's symptoms Secret Service foils'espionage' plot in NYC ahead of UN General Assembly that could have crashed Big Apple's phone network The'marry me' sex move that'll make even the most commitment-phobic of men beg to see you again... and it worked for THREE of my friends Sarah Ferguson sent Jeffrey Epstein fawning apology email'after he threatened to destroy her' in'Hannibal Lector-like' phone call The six hidden messages in the texts between Charlie Kirk's'assassin' and his trans lover DECODED Awkward moment Emmanuel Macron rings Trump for help after his motorcade is stopped by cops in New York... but ends up having to get out and walk Kate Middleton delivers a'mic drop' moment in dazzling gold dress identical to the late monarch - giving a glimpse of the Queen she plans to be William is urging his father to disown Fergie and Andrew over Epstein scandal... but King fears they could go rogue and values their loyalty Insiders speak out on Barack and Michelle Obama's secretive yacht vacation amid's**t show': 'They NEEDED this trip' Why Amazon Fresh failed: As all 19 remaining UK stores close, experts blame'dystopian' concept that stoked fears of Big Brother surveillance READ MORE: How artificial intelligence is ALREADY patrolling Britain's shops It was supposed to trigger a revolution in how we shop on the high street. But Amazon's'Fresh' shopping concept - which uses AI to track customers - may instead be remembered as a failed experiment in mass surveillance. The tech giant has announced that it has made the'difficult decision' to close all 19 Amazon Fresh stores in the UK - putting up to 250 workers at risk. Amazon claims the closures are the result of a'thorough evaluation of business operations and the very substantial growth opportunities in online delivery'.


Shake It Off! How Taylor Swift has ditched her Southern drawl in favour of a northern American accent, revealed

Daily Mail - Science & tech

Jimmy Kimmel's big TV comeback strangled as SEVENTY ABC affiliates refuse to air tonight's show Wall Street delivers clear verdict on Trump's Tylenol claims I was a devout Catholic... until I died. I'm the doctor on the cusp of an autism breakthrough... we're using an everyday $2.50 pill to reverse children's symptoms Secret Service foils'espionage' plot in NYC ahead of UN General Assembly that could have crashed Big Apple's phone network The'marry me' sex move that'll make even the most commitment-phobic of men beg to see you again... and it worked for THREE of my friends Sarah Ferguson sent Jeffrey Epstein fawning apology email'after he threatened to destroy her' in'Hannibal Lector-like' phone call The six hidden messages in the texts between Charlie Kirk's'assassin' and his trans lover DECODED Awkward moment Emmanuel Macron rings Trump for help after his motorcade is stopped by cops in New York... but ends up having to get out and walk Kate Middleton delivers a'mic drop' moment in dazzling gold dress identical to the late monarch - giving a glimpse of the Queen she plans to be William is urging his father to disown Fergie and Andrew over Epstein scandal... but King fears they could go rogue and values their loyalty Insiders speak out on Barack and Michelle Obama's secretive yacht vacation amid's**t show': 'They NEEDED this trip' Shake It Off! How Taylor Swift has ditched her Southern drawl in favour of a northern American accent, revealed In the 19 years since she released her first song, Taylor Swift's music been through several transitions, changing from country, to pop, to indie folk, and almost every genre in between. Now, a study has revealed how it's not just Swift's music that has evolved. Scientists from the University of Minnesota say the chart-topping singer's accent has also changed over time. In their study, the team analysed years of Swift's recorded interviews to track how her dialect has transformed.


DHS Has Been Collecting US Citizens' DNA for Years

WIRED

DHS Has Been Collecting US Citizens' DNA for Years Newly released data shows Customs and Border Protection funneled the DNA of nearly 2,000 US citizens--some as young as 14--into an FBI crime database, raising alarms about oversight and legality. Save this storyFor years, Customs and Border Protection agents have been quietly harvesting DNA from American citizens, including minors, and funneling the samples into an FBI crime database, government data shows. This expansion of genetic surveillance was never authorized by Congress for citizens, children, or civil detainees. According to newly released government data analyzed by Georgetown Law's Center on Privacy & Technology, the Department of Homeland Security, which oversees CBP, collected the DNA of nearly 2,000 US citizens between 2020 and 2024 and had it sent to CODIS, the FBI's nationwide system for policing investigations. An estimated 95 were minors, some as young as 14. The entries also include travelers never charged with a crime and dozens of cases where agents left the "charges" field blank.