Abstract--Introduction: This study presents FetalSleepNet, the first published deep learning approach to classifying sleep states from the ovine electroencephalogram (EEG). Fetal EEG is complex to acquire and difficult and laborious to interpret consistently. However, accurate sleep stage classification may aid in the early detection of abnormal brain maturation associated with pregnancy complications (e.g. Methods: EEG electrodes were secured onto the ovine dura over the parietal cortices of 24 late-gestation fetal sheep. A lightweight deep neural network originally developed for adult EEG sleep staging was trained on the ovine EEG using transfer learning from adult EEG. A spectral equalisation-based domain adaptation strategy was used to reduce cross-domain mismatch. Results: We demonstrated that while direct transfer performed poorly, full fine-tuning combined with spectral equalisation achieved the best overall performance (accuracy: 86.6%, macro F1-score: 62.5), outperforming baseline models. Conclusions: T o the best of our knowledge, FetalSleepNet is the first deep learning framework specifically developed for automated sleep staging from the fetal EEG. Beyond the laboratory, the EEG-based sleep stage classifier functions as a label engine, enabling large-scale weak/semi-supervised labeling and distillation to facilitate training on less invasive signals that can be acquired in the clinic, such as Doppler Ultrasound or electrocardiogram data. FetalSleepNet's lightweight design makes it well suited for deployment in low-power, real-time, and wearable fetal monitoring systems. LEEP state patterns reflect fetal neurophysiological function and development [1], and are clinically relevant for detecting abnormal neurodevelopment, which may result from conditions such as chronic hypoxia, infection or hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) [2]-[4]. J. V argas-Calixto, N. Katebi, and G. D. Clifford are with the Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, USA. Nhi Tran, R. Galinsky and S. B. Kelly are with the Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia. G. D. Clifford is also with the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA.

In this study, we employ ChatGPT -4o to generate academically sound, high-quality research proposals. T o evaluate the writing capabilities and potential of LLMs, we adopt both standard GPT -only and GPT -assisted writing approaches. T o effectively assess the writing capabilities of LLMs, we introduce two key evaluation metrics: content quality and reference validity . Additionally, we implement an iterative prompting method aimed at enhancing content quality and reducing inaccuracies and fabrications in references generated by LLMs. Our results show that the dual-metrics evaluation rigorously quantifies ChatGPT's writing capabilities, while iterative prompting enhances content quality, reduces errors, and addresses ethical concerns in reference generation. This proposal writing, evaluation, and improvement framework offers users a practical way to generate high-quality research proposals tailored to their needs. Future research can build upon this work by developing more efficient writing strategies and advanced methods to further enhance the writing capabilities of LLMs.

The large language model (LLM) powered recommendation paradigm has been proposed to address the limitations of traditional recommender systems, which often struggle to handle cold start users or items with new IDs. Despite its effectiveness, this study uncovers that LLM empowered recommender systems are vulnerable to reconstruction attacks that can expose both system and user privacy. To examine this threat, we present the first systematic study on inversion attacks targeting LLM empowered recommender systems, where adversaries attempt to reconstruct original prompts that contain personal preferences, interaction histories, and demographic attributes by exploiting the output logits of recommendation models. We reproduce the vec2text framework and optimize it using our proposed method called Similarity Guided Refinement, enabling more accurate reconstruction of textual prompts from model generated logits. Extensive experiments across two domains (movies and books) and two representative LLM based recommendation models demonstrate that our method achieves high fidelity reconstructions. Specifically, we can recover nearly 65 percent of the user interacted items and correctly infer age and gender in 87 percent of the cases. The experiments also reveal that privacy leakage is largely insensitive to the victim model's performance but highly dependent on domain consistency and prompt complexity. These findings expose critical privacy vulnerabilities in LLM empowered recommender systems.

HGTV's Erin Napier erupts at fans after being slammed for refusing to'celebrate' Charlie Kirk's death Truth about America's murder hotspots... as map reveals surprising cities Trump may send National Guard City of vanishing children: Dark truth behind the THOUSANDS of missing kids in Rust Belt town... and the underworld they are plunged into Monkees musician Bobby Hart who wrote the band's theme and Last Train To Clarksville dies at 86 I didn't air any dirty laundry in public - my conscience is clear, says Prince Harry during visit to Ukraine: Duke reveals he wants to spend more time in the UK in the next year as'the focus really has to be on my dad' FBI tried to hide trans identity of Charlie Kirk suspect's lover after his chilling four-word response to investigators I've been lying to my husband about the thing he loves most. If I come clean, he'll be humiliated: DEAR JANE My HOA from hell fined me $1,000 per day for the pettiest issue imaginable inside my $600k home... then I realized they were spying on me Teen arrested'destroying' Charlie Kirk memorial as chilling copycat fantasy exposed Hollywood insiders lay bare'intimidation' tactics by woke celebrities branded worse than the Ku Klux Klan: 'Everyone is living in fear' NFL fans left in disbelief as Russell Wilson launches'mind blowing' touchdown pass for New York Giants Islanders claim they know the sinister truth about Amelia Earhart... and demand the proof is finally released Urgent warning as toxic fumes on major airlines' flights cause devastating brain injuries I dropped from a size 20 to a size 12 in five months - these'healthy' foods were making me overweight Who are the shortest actresses in Hollywood? Emotional Tucker Carlson reveals'close call' on his life as he breaks silence on Charlie Kirk: 'We're in a civil war' People are just realizing that they're pronouncing the name of America's biggest holiday wrong The three-word phrase to get people to listen'instantly,' according to a public speaking expert Capturing people's attention during a presentation, or in any crowded room, is often half the battle, and one many fail to win. Now, a public speaking expert has shared a three-word phrase he claimed will get people listening to you'instantly.' John Bowe, a speech trainer, said that starting with'Imagine this scenario...' will have the room perk up and pay attention. 'It works every time,' Bowe wrote for CNBC, breaking down how each word is highly engaging.

Grok claimed the location was Trafalgar Square. Grok claimed the location was Trafalgar Square. Musk's Grok AI bot falsely suggests police misrepresented footage of far-right rally in London The Metropolitan police has had to counter false suggestions by the artificial intelligence on Elon Musk's X platform that the force passed off footage from 2020 as being from Saturday's far-right rally in the city. The claim by the chatbot Grok was in answer to an X user's query about where and when footage of police clashing with crowds was filmed. Police seek man who called for Keir Starmer to be'assassinated' at far-right rally Grok, which has had a track record of giving false and misleading answers, replied: "This footage appears to be from an anti-lockdown protest in London's Trafalgar Square on 26 September 2020, during clashes between demonstrators and police over Covid restrictions."

Romania says a Russian drone has breached its airspace - the second Nato country to report such an incursion. Romanian fighter jets were in the air monitoring a Russian attack in Ukraine on Saturday and were able to track the drone near Ukraine's southern border, the defence ministry said in a statement. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky said the incursion could not be a mistake - it was an obvious expansion of the war by Russia. Moscow has not commented on the Romanian claims. On Wednesday, Poland said it had shot down at least three Russian drones which had entered its airspace.

Educators advise that AI should be used to assist, not replace, learning. Educators advise that AI should be used to assist, not replace, learning. How to use ChatGPT at university without cheating: 'Now it's more like a study partner' The ubiquitous AI tool has a divisive effect on educators with some seeing it a boon and others a menace. So what should you know about where to draw the line between check and cheat? For many students, ChatGPT has become as standard a tool as a notebook or a calculator.

A large fire broke out in two buildings in the Tondo district of Philippines capital, Manila on Saturday night, affecting around 700 families, according to local media reports. Footage of the scale of the fire was shared by the Manila Public Information Office, which said that the fire had been brought under control. Three people are said to have been injured. The cause of the fire remains under investigation. See Kathmandu's destroyed and barricaded streets after violence From'nepo kids' to PM resignation: How the Nepal protests unfolded The BBC's Charlotte Scarr explains how the use of two slogans sparked a wave of protests in Kathmandu.

Australia's forthcoming Aukus nuclear-powered submarines have been called the'apex predator of the oceans'. Australia's forthcoming Aukus nuclear-powered submarines have been called the'apex predator of the oceans'. Quantum sensing, satellite tracking and AI are part of an accelerating arms race in detection that should prompt a re-evaluation of Australia's defence strategy Military history is littered with the corpses of apex predators. All once possessed unassailable power - then were undermined, in some cases wiped out, by the march of new technology. " Speed and stealth and firepower," the head of the Australian Submarine Agency, Jonathan Mead, told the Guardian two years ago of Australia's forthcoming fleet of nuclear submarines.

'It's going to be a life skill': educators discuss the impact of AI on university education Artificial intelligence is changing how students learn and the world they'll graduate into. OpenAI CEO Sam Altman recently told a US podcast that if he was graduating today, "I would feel like the luckiest kid in all of history." Altman, whose company developed and released ChatGPT in November 2022, believes the transformative power of AI offers unprecedented opportunities for young people. Yes, there will be job displacement, but "this always happens," says Altman, "and young people are the best at adapting to this." New, more exciting jobs will emerge, full of greater possibilities. For UK sixth-formers and their families looking at universities, trying to make the best possible choices about what to study - and where - in the age of generative AI, Altman's words may offer some comfort.