Temporal reasoning about historical events is a critical skill for NLP tasks like event extraction, historical entity linking, temporal question answering, timeline summarization, temporal event clustering and temporal natural language inference. Yet efforts on benchmarking temporal reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) are rather limited. Existing temporal reasoning datasets are limited in scale, lack multilingual coverage and focus more on contemporary events. To address these limitations, we present HistoryBank, a multilingual database of 10M+ historical events extracted from Wikipedia timeline pages and article infoboxes. Our database provides unprecedented coverage in both historical depth and linguistic breadth with 10 languages. Additionally, we construct a comprehensive question answering benchmark for temporal reasoning across all languages. This benchmark covers a diverse set of 6 temporal QA reasoning tasks, and we evaluate a suite of popular language models (LLaMA-3-8B, Mistral-7B, Gemma-2-9b, Qwen3-8B, GPT4o) to assess their performance on these tasks. As expected GPT4o performs best across all answer types and languages; Gemma-2 outperforms the other small language models. Our work aims to provide a comprehensive resource for advancing multilingual and temporally-aware natural language understanding of historical events. To facilitate further research, we will make our code and datasets publicly available upon acceptance of this paper.

This paper presents a novel approach to optimizing pricing and replenishment strategies in fresh food supermarkets by combining Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The LSTM model, enhanced with an attention mechanism, is used to predict sales volumes, pricing trends, and spoilage rates over a seven-day period. The predictions generated by the LSTM model serve as inputs for the PSO algorithm, which iteratively optimizes pricing and replenishment strategies to maximize profitability while adhering to inventory constraints. The integration of cost-plus pricing allows for dynamic adjustments based on fixed and variable costs, ensuring real-time adaptability to market fluctuations. The framework not only maximizes profits but also reduces food waste, contributing to more sustainable supermarket operations. The attention mechanism enhances the interpretability of the LSTM model by identifying key time points and factors influencing sales, improving decision-making accuracy. This methodology bridges the gap between predictive modeling and optimization, offering a scalable solution for dynamic pricing and inventory management in fresh food retail and other industries dealing with perishable goods.

Charlie Kirk suspect Tyler Robinson makes stony-faced first court appearance as he's charged with capital murder: Live updates Texas AG's mistress' shock new life after sex scandal was exposed Astonishing moment Charlie Kirk's wife Erika loses Miss USA pageant to pro-trans rival... as Trump watches on Michael Keaton slammed for saying there was'irony' in Charlie Kirk's shooting Extraordinary measures jail put in motion to keep Charlie Kirk assassin suspect alive: 'It's severe' Dark truth about why Taylor Swift really hid behind that bulletproof screen at Travis Kelce's game Former TV anchor is arrested again after causing'serious injury' as his downward spiral continues AMANDA PLATELL: I'm so disgusted with myself for the cruel thing I said about Kate... I'm choking on my words now I know the truth. Hollywood heartthrob Robert Redford had to'protect himself' from lusting costars... but only had eyes for his wife Hallmark star Paula Shaw dead at 84: Tributes pour in for the beloved actress who'touched countless lives' Ivanka Trump's'inappropriate' demand that left Melania reeling on the last UK state visit... this time, insiders tell how the First Lady has triumphed over the'thorn in her side' The Mounjaro mums are out of control. First it was for weight loss, then it silenced booze cravings. Now there's another miracle'benefit' they won't shut up about - but I fear it will end in disaster Idyllic small town in Maine hit with largest HIV outbreak in state's history Amanda Seyfried faces furious backlash after resharing comments alluding to Charlie Kirk's death being expected Bargain-filled Nevada casino town is branded the'new Las Vegas' as tourists flock there instead of rip-off Sin City AI set to offer women'two for one' heart and breast screening Women could get'two for one' screening for breast cancer and heart problems using AI, a study suggests. The technology can be trained to examine mammograms images to detect both tumours as well as gauging the potential risk of heart attacks and stroke.

President Donald Trump has arrived in the UK for his historic second state visit, which will see a crowded mix of royal pageantry, trade talks and international politics. Before making the trip from the US on Air Force One, Trump sent positive signals, describing the visit as an honour and saying: My relationship is very good with the UK. They want to see if they can refine the trade deal a little bit I'm into helping them, said Trump, with a multi-billion US technology investment deal being announced as the president's visit got underway. But Trump said the main purpose of the visit was to see my friend King Charles: He represents the country so well, such an elegant gentleman. Landing at Stansted airport, President Trump received an official welcome from a line-up on the runway including Foreign Secretary Yvette Cooper. The president is spending the night in the US ambassador's residence, Winfield House, before a day of royal ceremony and lavish spectacle in Windsor Castle on Wednesday - with the president describing Windsor as the ultimate in settings.

Microsoft says its new $30bn (£22bn) investment in the UK's AI sector - its largest outside of the US - should significantly boost Britain's economy in the next few years. Its package forms a major part of a £31billion agreement made between the UK government and various other US tech giants, including Nvidia and Google, to invest in British-based infrastructure to support AI technology, largely in the form of data centres. Microsoft will also now be involved in the creation of a powerful new supercomputer in Loughton, Essex. Speaking exclusively to the BBC Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella told the BBC of the tech's potential impact on economic growth. It may happen faster, so our hope is not ten years but maybe five.

Microsoft and Nvidia unveiled plans to invest up to $45 billion in the UK during US President Donald Trump's state visit. Microsoft and Nvidia have unveiled plans to invest up to $45 billion dollars into the UK economy, in a move that will bolster the building of more data centers as well as research and development into artificial intelligence . The investment comes as US president Donald Trump travels to Britain, where he is expected to announce a US-UK tech deal alongside UK prime minister Keir Starmer. As part of the agreement, Microsoft has committed to invest $30 billion in AI infrastructure over the next four years. The company claims this is the largest financial commitment it has ever made in the UK and will make up more than two thirds of the total investment announced into the UK this week, timed to Trump's visit.

How is Russia replenishing its military? What is a'coalition of the willing'? How China forgot promises and'debts' to Ukraine How are Europe, the US pulling apart on Ukraine? Footage shows the moment a Russian Shahed drone struck an administrative building in central Kharkiv in Ukraine, injuring four. Local officials said the drone targeted a busy street to maximize civilian casualties, underscoring relentless strikes as peace efforts stall.

Hollywood icon Robert Redford has died at the age of 89, his publicist has said. The actor was known for his roles in blockbuster movies such as Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, and went on to win an Oscar for Ordinary People when he turned his hand to directing. David Sillito looks back at his life. 'No doubt' Russia will cross Nato border if Ukraine falls, former US VP says Former US Vice-President Mike Pence calls for security guarantees in Ukraine to help deliver "just and lasting peace". The US House Oversight Committee has released new surveillance footage recorded hours before the convicted paedophile's death.

How tariffs are unraveling India's textile industry Is Chicago the violent crime capital of the US? Trump's UK visit: What's on the agenda, schedule, what to expect Great Britain is set to roll out the red carpet for Donald Trump this week, honouring the president of the United States with something no other American leader has ever received: a second state visit. Trump is set to arrive in London late on Tuesday for a visit that coincides with tough trade negotiations between the US and many of its key trading partners, including the United Kingdom. During his stay, both countries plan to announce several deals on technology and civil nuclear energy, and British leaders hope to finalise an agreement on metal tariffs. The British government is confident that royal soft power will appeal to Trump's sense of flamboyance. Before setting off on Tuesday, Trump said he was looking forward to meeting with his friend, King Charles III, whom he described as an "elegant gentleman". The president said being welcomed for a second state visit was a first, and noted how it was planned for Windsor Castle, rather than Buckingham Palace.

A United Nations commission of inquiry says Israel has committed genocide against Palestinians in Gaza. A new report says there are reasonable grounds to conclude that four of the five genocidal acts defined under international law have been carried out since the start of the war with Hamas in 2023: killing members of a group, causing them serious bodily and mental harm, deliberately inflicting conditions calculated to destroy the group, and preventing births. It cites statements by Israeli leaders, and the pattern of conduct by Israeli forces, as evidence of genocidal intent. Israel's foreign ministry said it categorically rejected the report, denouncing it as distorted and false. A spokesperson accused the three experts on the commission of serving as Hamas proxies and relying entirely on Hamas falsehoods, laundered and repeated by others that had already been thoroughly debunked.